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Fresnel's laws, &ITceteris paribus&IT

机译：菲涅耳定律，＆IT ceteris paribus IT

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摘要

This article is about structural realism, historical continuity, laws of nature, and ceteris paribus clauses. Fresnel's Laws of optics support Structural Realism because they are a scientific structure that has survived theory change. However, the history of Fresnel's Laws which has been depicted in debates over realism since the 1980s is badly distorted. Specifically, claims that J. C. Maxwell or his followers believed in an ontologically-subsistent electromagnetic field, and gave up the aether, before Einstein's annus mirabilis in 1905 are indefensible. Related claims that Maxwell himself did not believe in a luminiferous aether are also, indefensible. This paper corrects the record. In order to trace Fresnel's Laws across significant ontological changes, they must be followed past Einstein into modern physics and nonlinear optics. 1 develop the philosophical implications of a more accurate history, and analyze Fresnel's Laws' historical trajectory in terms of dynamic ceteris paribus clauses. Structuralists have not embraced ceteris paribus laws, but they continue to point to Fresnel's Laws to resist anti-realist arguments from theory change. Fresnel's Laws fit the standard definition of a ceteris paribus law as a law applicable only in particular circumstances. Realists who appeal to the historical continuity of Fresnel's Laws to combat anti-realists must incorporate ceteris paribus laws into their metaphysics. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：本文讨论结构现实主义，历史连续性，自然法则和ceteris paribus条款。菲涅耳光学定律支持结构现实主义，因为它们是科学的结构，在理论变化中幸存下来。然而，自1980年代以来在关于现实主义的辩论中所描绘的菲涅耳定律的历史已严重扭曲。具体来说，有人声称J. C. Maxwell或他的追随者相信存在本体论的电磁场，并在1905年爱因斯坦的Annus mirabilis不可辩驳之前放弃了以太。麦克斯韦本人不相信发光的醚的相关说法也是不可辩驳的。本文更正记录。为了在重要的本体论变化之间追踪菲涅耳定律，必须将它们遵循爱因斯坦的观点引入现代物理学和非线性光学领域。 1提出了更准确的历史的哲学含义，并根据动态的塞比里斯从句条款分析了菲涅耳定律的历史轨迹。结构主义者并没有接受其他条件的简化法则，但是他们继续指出菲涅耳法则来抵制理论变革带来的反现实主义论点。菲涅耳法则符合“塞特里·帕里斯法”的标准定义，因为该法仅适用于特定情况。呼吁菲涅耳法则在历史上具有连续性以打击反现实主义者的现实主义者必须将塞特里斯·帕里布斯定律纳入其形而上学。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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