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Ethnographic analogy, the comparative method, and archaeological special pleading

机译:人种学类比,比较方法和考古特殊诉求

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Ethnographic analogy, the use of comparative data from anthropology to inform reconstructions of past human societies, has a troubled history. Archaeologists often express concern about, or outright reject, the practice and sometimes do so in problematically general terms. This is odd, as (or so I argue) the use of comparative data in archaeology is the same pattern of reasoning as the 'comparative method' in biology, which is a well -developed and robust set of inferences which play a central role in discovering the biological past. In pointing out this continuity, I argue that there is no 'special pleading' on the part of archaeologists in this regard: biologists must overcome analogous epistemic difficulties in their use of comparative data. I then go on to emphasize the local, empirically tractable ways in which particular ethnographic analogies may be licensed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:人种学的类比法,即使用人类学的比较数据为过去人类社会的重建提供信息的历史,一直困扰着人们。考古学家经常对这种做法表示担忧,或者完全拒绝这种做法,有时这样做有时会出现问题。这很奇怪,因为(或我认为)在考古学中使用比较数据与生物学中的“比较方法”是相同的推理模式,而后者是一套完善且强大的推理方法,在推理中起着核心作用。发现生物学的过去。在指出这种连续性时,我认为考古学家在这方面没有“特别恳求”:生物学家在使用比较数据时必须克服类似的认识论难题。然后,我继续强调可以使用特定的民族志类比许可的本地,经验易处理的方式。 (C)2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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