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On reading Newton as an Epicurean: Kant, Spinozism and the changes to the Principia

机译:在阅读《牛顿作为享乐主义者》时:康德,斯宾诺兹主义和原理的变迁

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This paper argues for three distinct, albeit mutually illuminating theses: first it explains why well informed eighteenth-century thinkers, e.g., the pre-critical Immanuel Kant and Richard Bentley would have identified important aspects of Newton's natural philosophy with (a species of modern) Epicureanism. Second, it explores how some significant changes to Newton's Principia between the first (1687) and second (1713) editions can be explained in terms of attempts to reframe the Principia so that the charge of "Epicureanism" can be deflected. In order to account for this, the paper discusses the political and theological changes in the wake of the Glorious Revolution (1688); Bentley plays a non-trivial role in these matters. Third, the paper argues that there is an argument in Kant's (1755) Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens that undermines a key claim of Newton's General Scholium that was used to discredit Spinozism by Clarke in A demonstration of the being and attributes of God.
机译:本文提出了三个截然不同的观点,尽管它们相互阐明:首先,它解释了为什么明智的18世纪思想家,例如批判前的伊曼纽尔·康德和理查德·本特利,将牛顿自然哲学的重要方面与(一种现代的)物种相结合。享乐主义。其次,本文探讨了如何通过重新构造原理来解释牛顿原理在第一版(1687年)和第二版(1713年)之间的一些重大变化,从而可以转移对“史诗主义”的指责。为了解决这个问题,本文讨论了光荣革命(1688年)之后的政治和神学变化。宾利在这些问题上扮演着重要角色。第三,论文认为,康德(1755年)的《宇宙自然史和天堂论》中有一个论点破坏了牛顿将军的《霍乱论》的关键主张,克拉克曾用该论断抹杀斯宾诺斯主义,以证明上帝的存在和属性。 。

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