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From Bacon to Banks: The vision and the realities of pursuing science for the common good

机译：从培根到银行：追求科学以实现共同利益的愿景和现实

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摘要

Francis Bacon's call for philosophers to investigate nature and "join in consultation for the common good" is one example of a powerful vision that helped to shape modern science. His ideal clearly linked the experimental method with the production of beneficial effects that could be used both as "pledges of truth" and for "the comforts of life." When Bacon's program was implemented in the following generation, however, the tensions inherent in his vision became all too real. The history of the Royal Society of London, from its founding in 1660 to the 42-year presidency of Joseph Banks (1778-1820), shows how these tensions led to changes in the way in which both the experimental method and the ideal of the common good were understood. A more nuanced understanding of the problems involved in recent philosophical analyses of science in the public interest can be achieved by appreciating the complexity revealed from this historical perspective.
机译：弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）呼吁哲学家研究自然并“为了共同的利益而参与协商”，这是一个有力的构想的例子，它有助于塑造现代科学。他的理想明确地将实验方法与有益效果的产生联系在一起，这些有益效果既可以用作“真理保证”，也可以用作“生活舒适”。但是，当培根的计划在下一代中实施时，他内在的内在张力变得非常真实。伦敦皇家学会的历史，从1660年成立到约瑟夫·班克斯（Joseph Banks）担任42年总统，都说明了这些紧张关系如何导致实验方法和理想方法的改变。共同利益被理解。通过了解从历史的角度揭示的复杂性，可以对最近出于公共利益的科学哲学分析所涉及的问题进行更细微的了解。

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