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What's philosophical about Kant's philosophy of the human sciences?

机译：康德的人文科学哲学是什么？

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Kraus says that I "tackle certain philosophical issues in a cursory way" (Kraus, 2011, p. 624), referring to the absence of transcendental idealism as well as to what she perceives as my overly brief treatments of Kant's critical theory of knowledge. In contrast, I think that Kant's philosophical dealing with the human sciences to a considerable extent follows its own path procedure and purpose. There is a deeper reason for this, and I am grateful to Kraus for provoking me to express my views about this perhaps a bit more fully than I have done in the book. Kant repeatedly demands that anthropology should become an academic discipline of its own, freed for instance from metaphysics (A848f./B876f.; XXV, 7f., 243). He similarly keeps a considerable distance between his own ethics and his empirical, pragmatic anthropology. Just as talk of categories of the pure understanding does not arise, and talk of a pure apperception or transcendental self-consciousness is briefly mentioned but also said to not properly belong to anthropology, so there is no mention of the categorical imperative or how it might be applied to ordinary problems of moral choice. Kant means it when he says that anthropology should be independent, that is, built on its own philosophical foundation and free from concerns of other sciences. True, if what Kant says about the role of the A priori in natural science (IV, 473-476) holds, he should make a similar demand on any anthropology that aims to become a science.
机译：克劳斯说，我“以一种粗略的方式解决某些哲学问题”（克劳斯，2011，第624页），指的是缺乏先验的唯心主义以及她对康德的批判知识理论的过分简短的对待。相反，我认为康德关于人文科学的哲学在很大程度上遵循了它自己的路径程序和目的。这是有更深层的原因的，我感谢克劳斯（Kraus）激怒了我对本书的观点，可能比我在书中所做的更加全面。康德一再要求人类学成为一门自己的学科，例如摆脱形而上学的困扰（A848f./B876f.；XXV，7f.243）。同样，他在自己的伦理学与他的经验主义，实用主义人类学之间保持着相当大的距离。正如没有提到纯粹的理解的类别，只是简单地提到纯粹的知觉或先验的自我意识，但也说它们不恰当地属于人类学一样，因此也没有提及绝对的命令性或如何可能适用于道德选择的普通问题。康德（Kant）表示人类学应该是独立的，也就是说，建立在其自身的哲学基础上并且不受其他科学关注的意义。的确，如果康德所说的关于先验在自然科学中的作用（IV，473-476）成立，他应该对任何旨在成为一门科学的人类学提出类似的要求。

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    《Studies in history and philosophy of science》 |2012年第1期|p.203-207|共5页
  • 作者

    Thomas Sturm;

  • 作者单位

    Departament de Filosofia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;

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