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John Dee: the patronage of a natural philosopher in Tudor England

机译：约翰·迪（John Dee）：英国都铎王朝的自然哲学家的赞助

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For alt of his failures to secure patronage, John Dee was successful compared with his contemporaries. We know more about his patronage relations than those of any other natural philosopher in Tudor England. Only by comparing him with other English client practitioners can we understand how unusual and even productive were Dee's relations with his patrons. This article makes those comparisons and offers an overview of Dee's patronage, but in the main it explores three of the unusual aspects. The first is Dee's good relationship with female patrons and patronage brokers, notably Queen Elizabeth. The second is the kind of office that Dee sought. His greatest efforts were aimed at securing the headship of a collegiate institution such as Eton College or the Hospital of St Cross. Not only did they fit his aspiration to set up a research institute, but all were offices in the Queen's direct gift, and so played to Dee's strengths. Nevertheless, Dee was frustrated at nearly every turn. It is suggested that a major cause was the young Dee's links with both Sir John Cheke's network of Protestant humanists, who became Marian exiles, and with 'Louvainist' Catholic exiles opposed to Edward VI and Elizabeth. We see how Dee was consistently passed over in favour of other members of these circles. Notwithstanding this, it is concluded that Dee was relatively successful, given the English court's refusal to patronise speculative natural philosophy, even that offered by Thomas Digges, William Gilbert or Francis Bacon. Finally, some of Dee's supposed failings as a client, such as the sparseness of printed works, are shown to have been systemic.
机译：由于约翰·迪（John Dee）未能获得赞助的全部失败，因此与他的同时代人相比是成功的。我们比他在英国都铎王朝的任何自然哲学家都更加了解他的赞助关系。只有将他与其他英语客户从业人员进行比较，我们才能了解Dee与他的赞助人之间的关系多么不寻常，甚至富有成效。本文进行了比较，并概述了Dee的赞助，但主要探讨了三个不同寻常的方面。首先是Dee与女顾客和顾客经纪人的良好关系，尤其是伊丽莎白女王。第二种是Dee寻求的那种办公室。他最大的努力旨在确保Eton College或St Cross医院等学院机构的领导地位。他们不仅符合他成立研究机构的愿望，而且都是皇后的直接礼物，因此发挥了Dee的优势。然而，迪伊几乎每一次都感到沮丧。有人认为，主要原因是年轻的迪伊与约翰·契克爵士的新教人文主义者网络（后来成为玛丽亚流亡者）以及反对爱德华六世和伊丽莎白的“鲁汶主义”天主教流亡者之间的联系。我们看到Dee如何一贯地被这些圈子的其他成员所青睐。尽管如此，结论是，鉴于英国法院拒绝光顾投机性自然哲学，甚至由托马斯·迪格斯，威廉·吉尔伯特或弗朗西斯·培根提出的投机性自然哲学，迪伊还是比较成功的。最后，证明了Dee作为客户的某些失败，例如印刷品的稀疏性，是系统性的。

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