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John Dalton's puzzles: from meteorology to chemistry

机译：约翰·道尔顿的困惑：从气象学到化学

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Historical research on John Dalton has been dominated by an attempt to reconstruct the origins of his so-called "chemical atomic theory". I show that Dalton's theory is difficult to define in any concise manner, and that there has been no consensus as to its unique content among his contemporaries, later chemists, and modern historians. I propose an approach which, instead of attempting to work backward from Dalton's theory, works forward, by identifying the research questions that Dalton posed to himself and attempting to understand how his hypotheses served as answers to these questions. 1 describe Dalton's scientific work as an evolving set of puzzles about natural phenomena. l show how an early interest in meteorology led Dalton to see the constitution of the atmosphere as a puzzle. In working on this great puzzle, he gradually turned his interest to specifically chemical questions. In the end, the web of puzzles that he worked on required him to create his own novel philosophy of chemistry for which he is known today.
机译：对约翰·道尔顿的历史研究一直以试图重建他所谓的“化学原子理论”的起源为主导。我表明道尔顿的理论很难以任何简明的方式来定义，并且在他的同时代，后来的化学家和现代历史学家之间，关于它的独特内容还没有达成共识。我提出了一种方法，通过确定道尔顿对自己提出的研究问题并试图理解道尔顿的假设如何回答这些问题，而不是试图从道尔顿的理论上往后退，而是向前发展。 1将道尔顿的科学工作描述为关于自然现象的一系列不断发展的难题。我展示了对气象的早期兴趣如何使道尔顿将大气的构成视为难题。在研究这个大难题时，他逐渐将兴趣转向了专门的化学问题。最后，他所从事的难题之网要求他创造自己的新颖化学哲学，而这一哲学如今已广为人知。

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