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首页> 外文期刊>Studies in history and philosophy of science >The 'Landmark' and 'Groundwork' of stars: John Herschel, photography and the drawing of nebulae
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The 'Landmark' and 'Groundwork' of stars: John Herschel, photography and the drawing of nebulae

机译：恒星的“地标”和“地面”：约翰·赫歇尔，摄影和星云图

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摘要

This paper argues for continuity in purpose and specific results between some hand drawn nebulae, especially those 'descriptive maps' by John F. W. Herschel and E. P. Mason in the late 1830s, and the first photographs made of the nebulae in the 1880s. Using H. H. Turners' explication in 1904 of the three great advantages of astrophotography, the paper concludes that to some extent Herschel's and Mason's hand-drawings of the nebulae were meant to achieve the same kinds of results. This is surprising not only because such drawings were conceived and achieved over forty-years earlier, but also because the procedures used in the production of these pictorially and metrically rich images were those directly inspired by cartography, geodesy, and land-surveying. Such drawings provided the standard for what was depicted, expected and aimed at by way of successful representations of the nebulae; standards that seemed to have been used to judge the success of nebular photographs. Being conditions of expectation and possibility for later photography, these drawings were themselves made possible by such techniques of representation and measurement as isolines and triangulation, so fundamental to Imperial and 'Hum-boltian science.'
机译：本文主张在一些手绘星云之间保持目的和特定结果的连续性，尤其是约翰·F·赫歇尔和埃普森·梅森在1830年代后期的“描述性地图”，以及1880年代由该星云制成的第一批照片。利用1904年H. H. Turners的天文摄影三大优势的阐述，得出结论，在某种程度上，赫歇尔和梅森的星云手绘图旨在达到相同的结果。令人惊讶的是，不仅因为此类图纸是40年前构思和实现的，而且还因为制作这些图形和度量丰富的图像所使用的程序是直接受制图，大地测量和土地勘测启发的程序。这些图样是通过成功表示星云来描绘，预期和瞄准的东西的标准；似乎已被用来判断星云照片是否成功的标准。这些画作是等值线和三角测量法的代表和测量技术，它们对于后来的摄影具有期望和可能的条件，因此对于帝国和“悍马式科学”至关重要。

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