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The shape of the world: the story of Spanish expansion and the secret science of cosmography

机译：世界的形态：西班牙扩张的故事和宇宙学的秘密科学

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摘要

Spanish cosmographers, working at the House of Trade and the Council of the Indies during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, grappled with the herculean task of incorporating newly "discovered" and conquered lands into the Ptolemaic imagination of the "whole of the known world." Using pilots' accounts, measurements sent in by Spanish officials, and the descriptions of ecclesiastics, fellow cosmographers, and other functionaries, they struggled to represent the newly encountered lands and Spanish possessions. As Maria M. Portuondo's new work, Secret Science: Spanish Cosmography and the New World, demonstrates, this process stretched and eventually ruptured the discipline of cosmography, so that by the 1570s it made sense for Juan Bautista de Gesio to describe the efforts of his fellow cosmographer, Juan de Velasco, as "more commentaries and descriptions of provinces than geographical maps."
机译：西班牙的宇宙学家在16世纪和17世纪在贸易众议院和印度议会工作，努力完成艰巨的任务，将新近“发现”并征服的土地纳入托勒密对“整个已知世界”的想象中。他们使用飞行员的帐目，西班牙官员寄来的测量数据以及教会教职人员，宇宙学家和其他工作人员的描述，努力代表新近遇到的土地和西班牙财产。正如Maria M. Portuondo的新作品《秘密科学：西班牙宇宙论和新世界》所展示的那样，这一过程扩展并最终打破了宇宙论的学科，因此，到1570年代，Juan Bautista de Gesio可以描述他的努力。宇宙学家，胡安·德·贝拉斯科（Juan de Velasco），“对省份的评论和描述多于地理地图。”

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