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首页> 外文期刊>Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. A >'Physics and fashion': John Tyndall and his audiences in mid-Victorian Britain
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'Physics and fashion': John Tyndall and his audiences in mid-Victorian Britain

机译：“物理与时尚”：约翰·廷德尔和他在维多利亚时代中期的观众

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摘要

This paper explores how the physicist John Tyndall transformed himself from humble surveyor and schoolmaster into an internationally applauded icon of science. Beginning with his appointment as Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution in 1853, I show how Tyndall's worries about his social class and Irish origins, his painstaking attention to his lecturing performance and skilled use of the material and architectural resources of the Royal Institution were vital to his eventual success as a popular expositor and ambassador for science. Secondly I explore the implications of Tyndall's 'popularity' with respect to debates over the meaning and value of scientific 'popularisation'. In support of recent work challenging diffusionist models of science communication, I show how Tyndall's interactions with his audiences illustrate the symbiotic relationship between producer and consumer of 'popular' science. By examining the views of Tyndall's critics—notably the 'North British' group of physicists—and his defenders and rivals in the domain of popular scientific lecturing, I show that disputes over Tyndall's authority reflected anxieties about what constituted popular science and the transient boundaries between instruction and entertainment. The term 'popularisation' enjoyed many different uses in these debates, not least of all as a rheo-rical device with which to either exalt or destroy a scientist's credibility.
机译：本文探讨了物理学家约翰·廷德尔（John Tyndall）如何将自己从谦虚的测量师和校长转变为国际上受赞誉的科学偶像。从1853年他被任命为皇家学会自然哲学教授开始，我展示了廷德尔如何担心自己的社会阶级和爱尔兰血统，他对讲课的表现以及对皇家学会物质和建筑资源的熟练使用的辛勤工作引起了人们的关注。对于他作为一名流行的讲故事者和科学大使的最终成功至关重要。其次，在关于科学“大众化”的含义和价值的辩论中，我探讨廷德尔的“大众化”的含义。为了支持最新的具有挑战性的科学传播扩散论模型的工作，我将展示廷德尔与他的听众的互动如何说明“大众”科学的生产者和消费者之间的共生关系。通过研究廷德尔的批评家，尤其是“北英”物理学家的批评者及其在科普演讲领域中的辩护者和竞争对手的观点，我发现廷德尔的权威之争反映了人们对构成科普科学以及两者之间短暂边界的焦虑。教学和娱乐。在这些辩论中，“大众化”一词享有许多不同的用途，尤其是作为一种夸夸其谈的手段，用以夸大或破坏科学家的信誉。

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