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What was classical genetics?

机译:什么是经典遗传学?

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I present an account of classical genetics to challenge theory-biased approaches in the philosophy of science. Philosophers typically assume that scientific knowledge is ultimately structured by explanatory reasoning and that research programs in well-established sciences are organized around efforts to fill out a central theory and extend its explanatory range. In the case of classical genetics, philosophers assume that the knowledge was structured by T. H. Morgan's theory of transmission and that research throughout the later 1920s, 30s, and 40s was organized around efforts to further validate, develop, and extend this theory. I show that classical genetics was structured by an integration of explanatory reasoning (associated with the transmission theory) and investigative strategies (such as the 'genetic approach'). The investigative strategies, which have been overlooked in historical and philosophical accounts, were as important as the so-called laws of Mendelian genetics. By the later 1920s, geneticists of the Morgan school were no longer organizing research around the goal of explaining inheritance patterns; rather, they were using genetics to investigate a range of biological phenomena that extended well beyond the explanatory domain of transmission theories. Theory-biased approaches in history and philosophy of science fail to reveal the overall structure of scientific knowledge and obscure the way it functions.
机译:我将介绍经典遗传学的挑战,以挑战科学哲学中的理论偏向方法。哲学家通常认为科学知识最终是由解释性推理构成的,而成熟科学的研究计划是围绕努力填充中心理论并扩大其解释范围而组织的。就古典遗传学而言,哲学家认为该知识是由T. H. Morgan的传播理论构成的,并且整个1920年代,30年代和40年代后期的研究都是围绕进一步验证,发展和扩展该理论的努力而组织的。我证明经典遗传学是由解释性推理(与传播理论相关)和调查策略(例如“遗传方法”)的整合构成的。在历史和哲学上被忽视的调查策略与所谓的孟德尔遗传学法则同样重要。到1920年代后期,摩根学派的遗传学家不再围绕解释遗传模式的目标来组织研究。相反,他们使用遗传学来研究一系列生物学现象,这些现象远远超出了传播理论的解释范围。历史和科学哲学中的理论偏向方法无法揭示科学知识的整体结构,也无法掩盖其运作方式。

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