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Venezuela's Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective

机译：委内瑞拉的查维斯莫主义与民粹主义比较

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In the decade since Hugo Chavez's 2000 presidential campaign slogan - 'With Chavez, the people rule' - was coined, increasing numbers of Venezuelans have concluded that in fact it is Chavez, and not the people, who rules the country. Chavez himself would probably counter that, by definition, his rule is the people's rule, so there is no contradiction. It is this type of political tangle that Kirk A. Hawkins takes on in Venezuela's Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective. A young American political scientist, Hawkins is fascinated by the Venezuelan variant of populism known informally in the country as 'Chavismo'. But before addressing Chavismo directly, he attempts to clear up some confusion about just what is meant by that slippery term, populism. For Hawkins, populism occurs when political leaders divide the body politic into two distinct categories: good or evil, with us or against us. Unsurprisingly, this leads to a polarised political climate. Part of the problem, however, is that it is often this kind of polarisation that produces populism in the first place. Hawkins is keenly aware of the 'chicken and egg' dilemma inherent in isolating the causes and effects of this difficult political phenomenon. He also reminds us that populism is not necessarily undemocratic, though it certainly inclines that way.
机译：自雨果·查韦斯（Hugo Chavez）在2000年总统竞选口号“有了查韦斯，人民统治”诞生以来的十年中，越来越多的委内瑞拉人得出结论，实际上统治该国的是查韦斯，而不是人民。查韦斯本人可能会反驳，顾名思义，他的统治是人民的统治，因此没有矛盾。柯克·霍金斯（Kirk A. Hawkins）在比较视角下的委内瑞拉《查维斯莫和民粹主义》中就是这种政治纠缠。霍金斯是一位年轻的美国政治科学家，对委内瑞拉的民粹主义变种着迷，该变种在该国被非正式称为“查维斯莫”。但是在直接向查维斯摩讲话之前，他试图澄清一些误解，这就是所谓的民粹主义。对于霍金斯来说，民粹主义是在政治领导人将政治机构分为两类时出现的：善与恶，与我们同在或反对我们。毫不奇怪，这导致了两极分化的政治气氛。然而，部分问题是，这种两极分化通常首先产生民粹主义。霍金斯敏锐地意识到了隔离这种棘手的政治现象的原因和后果所固有的“鸡与蛋”困境。他还提醒我们，民粹主义不一定是不民主的，尽管它肯定会倾向于民主主义。

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    《Survival》 |2011年第3期|p.178-179|共2页
  • 作者

    Russell Crandall;

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