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首页> 外文期刊>Sustainable Water Resources Management >Hydrochemistry of tropical springs using multivariate statistical analysis in Ithikkara and Kallada river basins, Kerala, India
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Hydrochemistry of tropical springs using multivariate statistical analysis in Ithikkara and Kallada river basins, Kerala, India

机译：基于多元统计分析的印度喀拉拉邦Ithikkara和Kallada流域的热带温泉水化学

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摘要

Spring waters are the most important natural resource used for drinking by many people around the world, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This resource cannot be optimally used and sustained, unless the quality of groundwater is assessed. The main objective of this study is to understand the quality and hydrochemistry of spring water sources of two important river basins of Southern Western Ghats—the Ithikkara and the Kallada river basins draining Kollam district of Southern Kerala as an example. Water Quality Index (WQI) values are used to assess the drinking suitability of spring water samples. Multivariate statistical approach (factor analysis and principal component analysis) allow driving hidden information from the data set about their possible influences of the environment on water quality. Multivariate analysis was performed on matrix of hydro-geochemical data. To study the influences of the environment on water quality, multivariate statistical approach is applied. A total of 57 samples were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2011-2012 periods from lowland and highland regions of the study area. The results of the WQI values show that majority of the samples fall in Excellent to Good category rendering these water samples suitable for drinking purposes. From the statistical analysis, it is inferred that in catchments rich with pyrite in rocks and clays, drainage of sulphuric acid may significantly contribute to acidity. The negative loading in pH and DO is due to anaerobic conditions in the spring source from the loading of high-dissolved organic matter, which results in the formation of ammonia and organic acids leading to a decrease in pH. The positive loading of SiO_2 reflects the dissolution of silica minerals and high temperature. The evaluation of the saturation index of the water samples in highland regions indicted that water was oversaturated with respect to iron minerals and undersaturated with fluorite minerals. The chemistry of the spring waters favors kaolinization and subsequent leaching of mobile elements like alkali and alkaline earth elements. The study is helpful in understanding the relationship between individual ions and for the classification of groundwater types.
机译：泉水是全世界许多人饮用的最重要的自然资源，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区。除非对地下水质量进行评估，否则无法最佳利用和维持这种资源。这项研究的主要目的是了解南部西高止山脉的两个重要河流流域的泉水水质和水化学性质，以Ithikkara和Kallada流域为喀拉拉邦南部的Kollam区排水为例。水质指数（WQI）值用于评估泉水样品的饮用适宜性。多元统计方法（因子分析和主成分分析）允许从数据集中获取有关环境可能对水质影响的隐藏信息。对水文地球化学数据矩阵进行多变量分析。为了研究环境对水质的影响，采用了多元统计方法。从研究区的低地和高地地区共收集了57个样品，并分析了2011-2012年季风前，季风和季风后季节的主要阳离子和阴离子。 WQI值的结果表明，大多数样品属于“优劣”类别，这些水样适合饮用。从统计分析可以推断，在岩石和粘土中富含黄铁矿的流域中，硫酸的排出可显着促进酸度。 pH和DO的负负载是由于高溶解性有机物的负载导致弹簧源中出现厌氧条件，导致形成氨和有机酸，导致pH降低。 SiO_2的正负荷反映了二氧化硅矿物的溶解和高温。对高地地区水样饱和度指数的评估表明，相对于铁矿物质，水过饱和，而萤石矿物质则不饱和。泉水的化学性质有利于高岭土化，并随后浸出可移动元素（如碱金属和碱土金属元素）。该研究有助于理解各个离子之间的关系以及对地下水类型进行分类。

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