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Epistemic constraints on practical normativity

机译:实用规范的认知约束

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摘要

What is the relation between what we ought to do, on the one hand, and our epistemic access to the ought-giving facts, on the other? In assessing this, it is common to distinguish ‘objective’ from ‘subjective’ oughts. Very roughly, on the objectivist conception what an agent ought to do is determined by ought-giving facts in such a way that does not depend on the agent’s beliefs about, or epistemic access to, those facts; whereas on the subjectivist conception, what an agent ought to do depends on his beliefs. This paper defends the need for, and explicates, a third category of ‘ought’: ‘warranted oughts’. Section 1 introduces the distinction between objective and subjective ‘oughts’. Sections 2–3 draw attention to some serious problems with each. Section 4 examines, though rejects, a recent attempt to replace subjective ‘oughts’ with objective ‘wide-scope oughts’ operating on belief-action combinations. Section 5 explicates the notion of a warranted ‘ought’ and defends the account against some possible objections. The resulting a picture is one in which an adequate analysis of practical normativity requires both objective and warranted ‘oughts’. Section 6 concludes by responding to a worry about countenancing both.
机译:一方面我们应该做的事情与另一方面我们从认知上获得应有的事实之间有什么关系?在对此进行评估时,通常将“客观”和“主观”相区别。粗略地讲,在客观主义概念上,代理人应该做什么,是由应该给予事实的方式决定的,这种事实不依赖于代理人对这些事实的信念或从认知上获得这些事实的方式。而在主观主义观念上,代理人应该做什么取决于他的信念。本文捍卫了对“应有的东西”的第三类的需求,并加以说明:“应有的应有的东西”。第1节介绍了客观“主观”和“主观”之间的区别。第2–3节提请注意每一个严重的问题。第4节研究了(尽管遭到了拒绝)最近一次尝试,以信念-行动组合为目标,用客观的“广泛范围内的思想”代替主观“思想”。第5节阐述了有根据的“应有”的概念,并为帐户辩护以防某些可能的反对。由此产生的图景是对实际规范的充分分析既需要客观的又要有保证的“思想”。第六部分以回答对增加两者的担忧作为结尾。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Synthese》 |2011年第s1期|p.81-106|共26页
  • 作者

    Simon Robertson;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Philosophy, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BF, UK;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Belief; Ought; Reasons; Warrant; Wide-scope;

    机译:信念;应有;理由;保证;广范围;

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