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Design for Changeability (DfC): Principles To Enable Changes in Systems Throughout Their Entire Lifecycle

机译：可变性设计（DfC）：在整个系统生命周期内实现系统变更的原则

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摘要

In the past decades the world has been changing in almost every aspect. Systems development is facing rapidly changing and increasingly global environments in markets, competition, technology, regulatory, and societal systems. Systems to be delivered must be designed not only to meet customer or market needs, but also increasingly to meet requirements and constraints of systems sharing its operational context and throughout their entire lifecycle. The design of a system must provide for a continuous evolution of its architecture either by upgrading a system already in service or releasing a new version or derivative. Based on these key challenges imposed on development systems, this paper will evolve the idea of incorporating changeability into a system architecture. Flexibility, agility, robustness, and adaptability as four key aspects of changeability will be defined and described. Design principles to enable flexibility, agility, robustness, and adaptability within systems are proposed and described. A basic approach outlining and guiding an application of the framework described concludes this paper. Examples from varying industries will illustrate the applicability and implementation of selected principles. Thus this paper spans a view from why, when, and how changeability has to be incorporated into a system's architecture.
机译：在过去的几十年中，世界几乎在各个方面都在发生变化。在市场，竞争，技术，法规和社会系统中，系统开发面临着快速变化和日益全球化的环境。要交付的系统不仅必须设计为满足客户或市场需求，而且还必须越来越多地满足共享其工作环境并贯穿其整个生命周期的系统的要求和约束。系统的设计必须通过升级已经投入使用的系统或发布新版本或派生产品来提供其体系结构的持续发展。基于对开发系统施加的这些关键挑战，本文将发展将可变性纳入系统体系结构的想法。作为可变性的四个关键方面，将定义和描述灵活性，敏捷性，鲁棒性和适应性。提出并描述了使系统具有灵活性，敏捷性，鲁棒性和适应性的设计原理。本文概述了概述和指导所描述框架的应用的基本方法。来自不同行业的示例将说明所选原则的适用性和实施​​。因此，本文从为何，何时以及如何将可变性纳入系统体系结构的角度出发。

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