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Shaping factors in the emergence of technological innovations: The case of tidal kite technology

机译：技术创新出现的塑造因素：潮汐风筝技术的案例

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The technological innovation systems (TIS) literature offers a detailed and dynamic understanding of factors that enable successful innovation. However, few studies analyze what determines where in space value chain elements are developed as a new technology is diffused on a large scale. The purpose of this paper is to show how the TIS approach can be used to identify and analyze factors that shape spatial trajectories of emerging technologies. It proposes an adapted analytical framework that expands the conventional focus on one-dimensional supporting and blocking factors, to shaping factors that incorporate the spatiality of innovation. The approach is illustrated by examining innovation in tidal kite technology. The analysis finds that a supportive local context in western Sweden during the infancy of tidal kite technology, together with the availability of competent engineers and business development professionals, promoted the formation of locally embedded knowledge and competence. This in turn created a spatial path dependency that made developments gravitate towards Sweden, although the lack of domestic markets has also increasingly driven an expansion of activity to other regions, in particular the UK. Moreover, the analysis shows that shaping, and not only stimulating, the growth of emerging TIS is an important challenge for regional policymakers, and highlights the need for international policy coordination. The paper concludes that analyzing shaping factors in the emergence of new TISs can yield important insights, some of which may be overlooked with a narrow analytical focus on supporting and blocking factors.
机译：技术创新系统（TIS）文献对实现成功创新的因素提供了详细而动态的理解。但是，很少有研究分析什么决定了随着新技术的大规模推广，在空间价值链中何处开发。本文的目的是展示如何使用TIS方法来识别和分析影响新兴技术空间轨迹的因素。它提出了一种经过调整的分析框架，该框架将常规关注点扩展到一维支持和阻止因素，并扩展到包含创新空间的塑造因素。通过检查潮汐风筝技术的创新来说明这种方法。分析发现，在潮汐风筝技术兴起的初期，瑞典西部地区的本地支持环境，加上有能力的工程师和业务开发专业人员的参与，促进了本地嵌入式知识和能力的形成。反过来，这造成了空间路径上的依赖性，这使发展趋向于瑞典，尽管缺乏国内市场也日益促使活动扩展到其他地区，特别是英国。此外，分析表明，形成，不仅刺激新兴的TIS的增长对区域政策制定者是一项重要的挑战，并强调了国际政策协调的必要性。本文的结论是，在新的TIS出现时分析成形因素可以产生重要的见解，而其中某些观点可能会由于对支持和阻碍因素的狭analytical分析而被忽略。

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