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Economic and technological complexity: A model study of indicators of knowledge-based innovation systems

机译：经济和技术复杂性：基于知识的创新系统指标的模型研究

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The Economic Complexity Index (ECI; Hidalgo and Hausmann, 2009) measures the complexity of national economies in terms of product groups. Analogously to Ea, the Patent Complexity Index (PatCI) can be developed on the basis of a matrix of nations versus patent classes. Using linear algebra, the three dimensions-countries, product groups, and patent classes-can be combined into a measure of "Triple Helix" complexity (THCI) including the trilateral interaction terms between knowledge production, wealth generation, and (national) control. THCI can be expected to capture the extent of systems integration between the global dynamics of markets (ECI) and technologies (PatCI) in each national system of innovation. We measure ECI, PatCI, and THCI during the period 2000-2014 for the 34 OECD member states, the BRICS countries, and a group of emerging and affiliated economies (Argentina, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Romania, and Singapore). The three complexity indicators are correlated between themselves; but the correlations with GDP per capita are virtually absent. Of the world's major economies, Japan scores highest on all three indicators, while China has been increasingly successful in combining economic and technological complexity. We could not reproduce the correlation between ECI and average income that has been central to the argument about the fruitfulness of the economic complexity approach.
机译：经济复杂度指数（ECI； Hidalgo和Hausmann，2009年）从产品类别的角度衡量了国民经济的复杂性。与Ea类似，可以基于国家/地区与专利类别的矩阵来开发专利复杂性指数（PatCI）。使用线性代数，可以将三个维度（国家，产品组和专利类别）组合为“三重螺旋”复杂度（THCI）的量度，包括知识生产，财富产生和（国家）控制之间的三边相互作用项。可以预期，THCI将捕获每个国家创新系统中全球市场动态（ECI）和技术（PatCI）之间的系统集成程度。我们测量了2000-2014年间OECD的34个成员国，金砖国家和一组新兴经济体和附属经济体（阿根廷，香港，印度尼西亚，马来西亚，罗马尼亚和新加坡）的ECI，PatCI和THCI。这三个复杂性指标相互关联。但是与人均GDP的相关性几乎不存在。在世界主要经济体中，日本在这三个指标上得分最高，而中国在将经济和技术复杂性结合起来方面越来越成功。我们无法重现ECI与平均收入之间的相关性，而ECI与平均收入之间的相关性一直是有关经济复杂性方法卓有成效的争论的核心。

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