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Hunting scale-free properties in R&D collaboration networks: Self-organization, power-law and policy issues in the European aerospace research area

机译：在研发合作网络中寻找无尺度特性：欧洲航空研究领域的自组织，权力法和政策问题

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Based on previous studies of EU-subsidized research joint ventures, R&D collaboration networks, and aerospace industry, this work raises and tests a set of hypotheses in order to check whether the European aerospace research area shows a scale-free topology. Its main focus concerns the application of a proper power-law detecting methodology to most important parameters: projects' and organizations' direct and indirect centrality, organizations' membership, and finally projects' size and fund. While previous studies of other EU-subsidized research joint ventures carried on the analyses with relatively simpler methods and tested only the power-law form, our work employs minimum and significance values calculations, and contrasts the power-law with other heavy-tailed distributions, which are widely analysed and discussed. The results clearly state that some parameters can be substantially assimilated to a power-law, while others only moderately or not at all. An explanation of such differences is provided and grounded on the relation between self-organization and scale invariance, mostly confirming a direct dependence of the latter from the former. However, the peculiarities of projects' size distribution make the interpretation of that relationship more problematic and suggest the need to carefully investigate the effect produced in each specific context by external constraints. Further, the implications of the scale-free topological properties and in particular of their occurrence in the relationship between organizations' direct and indirect connectivity are explored and discussed also respect to the effectiveness of European research policies. Besides enhancing the understanding of EU-subsidized research joint ventures in the European aerospace research area, our work contributes to investigate the more general issues of the relationship between self-organization and power-law, and between organizations' direct and indirect connectivity within inter-organizational networks. Finally, the paper underlines the high relevance of scale-free properties and thus, the need to follow a proper detection methodology-by showing their relationships with resilience and sustainability of socio-economic systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：基于对欧盟资助的研究合资企业，研发合作网络和航空航天行业的先前研究，这项工作提出并检验了一组假设，以检查欧洲航空航天研究领域是否显示无标度拓扑。它的主要重点涉及对最重要的参数应用适当的幂律检测方法：项目和组织的直接和间接中心性，组织的成员资格，最后是项目的规模和资金。先前其他欧盟资助的研究型合资企业的研究使用相对简单的方法进行了分析，并且仅测试了幂律形式，而我们的工作采用了最小值和有效值计算，并将幂律与其他重尾分布进行了对比，对此进行了广泛的分析和讨论。结果清楚地表明，某些参数可以基本等同于幂律，而其他参数仅适度或完全不适用。提供了这种差异的解释，并基于自组织和尺度不变性之间的关系，主要证实了后者与前者的直接依赖。但是，项目规模分布的特殊性使这种关系的解释更加困难，并建议需要仔​​细研究在每种特定情况下外部约束所产生的影响。此外，还探讨和讨论了无标度拓扑特性的含义，尤其是它们在组织的直接和间接连通性之间的关系中的出现，也涉及了欧洲研究政策的有效性。除了增进对欧洲航空航天研究领域中由欧盟资助的研究合资企业的理解之外，我们的工作还有助于调查更广泛的问题，涉及自组织与权力法之间的关系，以及组织内部和组织之间的直接和间接连通性之间的关系。组织网络。最后，本文强调了无标度特性的高度相关性，因此需要通过采用适当的检测方法来证明其与社会经济系统的复原力和可持续性之间的关系。 （C）2014 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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