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Exploring social structures and agency in backcasting studies for sustainable development

机译：在回溯研究以促进可持续发展中探索社会结构和机构

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This paper examines how social structures and agency have been included in backcasting studies for sustainable development. For this purpose an analytical framework was developed, based on what objects of change (whats), measures (hows) and change agents (whos) are included in the scenario, and to which extent these are approached in an explorative way. Through reviewing a number of backcasting studies it was found that these typically are built upon and elaborated with a predominant focus on the questions of what and how physical/ technical aspects could change. Social objects of change and explicit representation or analysis of the question of who could change is rarely included in the analysis. This unbalance brings a number of implications. Firstly, not including social structures and agency obstructs developing socio-technically consistent and comprehensive scenarios. Secondly, through not addressing the questions of how to change and change by whom in an explicit and explorative way, social structures and agency become represented only implicitly and/or are maintained according to the status quo.
机译：本文研究了如何将社会结构和代理纳入可持续发展的反向研究中。为此目的，基于情景中包括哪些变更对象（什么），度量（方式）和变更代理（谁），以及在何种程度上以探索性方式来开发分析框架。通过回顾大量的后退研究，发现这些通常是基于并精心设计的，主要侧重于物理/技术方面会发生什么以及如何变化的问题。分析很少包含变化的社会对象以及对谁可以变化的问题的明确表示或分析。这种不平衡带来许多影响。首先，不包括社会结构和机构阻碍了发展社会技术上一致和全面的方案。其次，通过不以显式和探索性的方式解决如何改变和改变谁的问题，社会结构和代理仅隐含地代表和/或根据现状得到维持。

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