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Seven tools for creating adaptive policies

机译：创建自适应策略的七个工具

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Experience demonstrates that policies crafted to operate within a certain range of conditions are often faced with unexpected challenges outside of that range. The result is that many policies have unintended impacts and do not accomplish their goals. Adaptive policies are designed to function more effectively in complex, dynamic, and uncertain conditions. Based on over a dozen case studies on public policies relating to agriculture and water resources management in Canada and India, we conclude that there are seven tools policymakers should follow to create adaptive policies. Adaptive policies anticipate and plan for the array of conditions that lie ahead: (#1) using integrated and forward-looking analysis; (#2) monitoring key performance indicators to trigger built-in policy adjustments; (#3) undertaking formal policy review and continuous learning; and (#4) using multi-stakeholder deliberation. But not all situations can be anticipated. Unknown unknowns and deep uncertainty will always be part of policymaking. Adaptive policies are able to navigate toward successful outcomes in settings that cannot be anticipated in advance. This can be done by working in concert with certain characteristics of complex adaptive systems and thereby facilitating autonomous actions among stakeholders on the ground. To a degree, adaptive policy tools #3 and #4 can be used toward this purpose, but most directly, such autonomous tools include: (#5) enabling self-organization and social networking; (#6) decentralizing decisionmaking to the lowest and most effective jurisdictional level; and (#7) promoting variation in policy responses. This paper elaborates on these seven tools as a pragmatic guide for policymakers who find themselves working in highly complex, dynamic, and uncertain settings.
机译：经验表明，旨在在一定条件下运作的政策通常会面临超出该范围的意外挑战。结果是许多政策产生了意想不到的影响，无法实现其目标。自适应策略旨在在复杂，动态和不确定的条件下更有效地发挥作用。基于加拿大和印度有关农业和水资源管理的公共政策的十几个案例研究，我们得出结论，决策者应遵循七种工具来制定适应性政策。适应性政策可以预测和规划未来的一系列情况：（＃1）使用综合和前瞻性分析； （＃2）监控关键绩效指标以触发内置的政策调整； （＃3）进行正式的政策审查和持续学习； （＃4）使用多利益相关方审议。但并非所有情况都是可以预期的。未知的未知和深刻的不确定性将永远是决策的一部分。适应性策略能够在无法预先预期的环境中导航到成功的结果。这可以通过与复杂的自适应系统的某些特性协同工作来完成，从而促进实地利益相关者之间的自主行动。在一定程度上，自适应策略工具＃3和＃4可以用于此目的，但最直接的是，此类自治工具包括：（＃5）支持自组织和社交网络； （＃6）将决策权下放到最低和最有效的管辖级别； （＃7）促进政策应对方式的差异。本文详细介绍了这七个工具，为决策者提供了实用的指南，他们发现自己在高度复杂，动态和不确定的环境中工作。

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