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Research by Accident

机译：事故调查

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The article addresses the issue of uncertainty in technological knowledge. "Research by accident" is seen as a central cognitive process to generate (unanticipated) knowledge about the characteristics of a technology. In the example of nuclear weapons, scientific programs have initially led to a sequency of unanticipated discoveries - a process of research by accident that subsequently reveals properties and characteristics of a technology that were not expected initially. The second part of the article deals with cases in which uncertainty originates not in the absence of knowledge per se, but rather with whether knowledge is available in the right form and the right policy context. The example of energy studies of the 1970s illustrates that uncertainty also includes cases where the problem at hand deals with the efficiency of information distribution rather than information generation. There is a difference between (scientific) information that exists somewhere and scientific information that is known in the right context to the right people (the persons with the capacity to take, or to resist, action) at the right time.
机译：本文讨论了技术知识的不确定性问题。 “偶然研究”被视为产生（意外）技术特征知识的主要认知过程。以核武器为例，科学计划最初导致了一系列意想不到的发现-一种偶然的研究过程，随后揭示了最初并不期望的技术特性。本文的第二部分处理的情况是不确定性不是由缺乏知识本身引起的，而是由知识是否以正确的形式和正确的政策环境提供的。 1970年代能源研究的例子表明，不确定性还包括眼前问题涉及信息分配效率而非信息生成效率的情况。存在于某处的（科学）信息与在正确的环境中正确的人（有能力采取或抵抗行动的人）在正确的时间所知道的科学信息之间存在差异。

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