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What bangs for your buck? Assessing the design and impact of Dutch transformative policy

机译：什么钱可以赚钱？评估荷兰转型政策的设计和影响

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摘要

After an era of generic support for economic development and innovation, narrowly targeted policy is back on the table. Recent advances in the fields of new industrial policy (NIP) and transition thinking converge on the idea that achieving structural change requires governments, industry and research to collaborate in formulating targeted yet adaptive strategies.The associated emergence of transformative policy, characterized as being selective, process-oriented and multi-instrumental, poses severe challenges to rising standards of public accountability. Evaluation methods for calculating the ‘bang for the buck’ of R&D-leveraging measures are ill-suited when policy mixes are supposed to guide directed transformations. We argue that assessments should gauge policy contributions to building up technological innovation systems (TIS). The TIS-literature provides a concrete but untapped basis for tracking how policy efforts affect conditions favoring the creation and diffusion of new economic activities. This premise leads us to introduce a scheme for structuring analyses concerned with the organization, orientation and aggregate impact of transformative policy.Drawing upon 107 face-to-face interviews, we apply the scheme to the pilot case of the Dutch ‘Topsector approach’. Its policy design specificities explain why achieved impact so far consists mostly of engaging private parties in fortifying existing knowledge networks, rather than transforming them.
机译：在为经济发展和创新提供普遍支持的时代之后，针对性很窄的政策又回到了桌面上。新产业政策（NIP）和过渡思维领域的最新进展融合了这样一种观念，即实现结构性变革需要政府，产业和研究机构合作来制定有针对性的自适应战略。以流程为导向和多种手段，对不断提高的公共问责制提出了严峻的挑战。当政策组合被用来指导有针对性的转型时，用于计算研发杠杆措施的“一掷千金”的评估方法是不合适的。我们认为，评估应评估政策对建立技术创新系统（TIS）的贡献。 TIS文献为跟踪政策努力如何影响有利于创造和传播新经济活动的条件提供了具体但尚未开发的基础。在此前提下，我们引入了与转型政策的组织，方向和总体影响有关的结构化分析方案。通过107次面对面的访谈，我们将该方案应用于荷兰“ Topsector方法”的试验案例。其政策设计的特殊性解释了为何迄今为止取得的影响主要包括让私人团体加强现有知识网络，而不是对其进行改造。

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