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The spatial-temporal complexity and dynamics of research collaboration: Evidence from 297 cities in China (1985-2016)

机译：研究协作的空间复杂性和动态：来自中国297个城市的证据（1985-2016）

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摘要

Integrating internal and external knowledge through research collaboration can be conducive to maintaining the innovative advantage. Existing studies have confirmed the important role of research collaboration in regional innovation systems, but a few of them focus on research collaboration at the city level in China. Taking advantage of a database containing 297 cities from 1985 to 2016, we explore the evolution of intra- and inter-city research collaboration and dynamics of inter-city network with a two-dimension quadrant analytical framework and social network analysis. The results are as follows: first, collaboration intensity has gradually increased and the polarization of collaboration between cities has been highlighted. Cities with weak innovation capability intend to collaborate with other cities, although such collaboration does not lead to improve their innovation performance directly. Second, inter-city collaboration is more than intra-city collaboration at the city level, and inter-city collaboration across provincial boundaries is more than inter-city collaboration within province. Third, collaboration between enterprises (EE) and collaboration between enterprises and academic institutions (AE) are the two most important patterns of research collaboration, but the dominant pattern has changed from AE to EE in China. Fourth, inter-city network presents the "core-periphery" structure and shows a decentralizing trend. Contributions of the provincial capital cities and municipalities in inter-city network are significantly greater than those of non-provincial capital cities. Besides, cities located in the eastern areas shown greater contributions than the central and western cities, while there is no obvious gap between the western and central cities.
机译：通过研究合作整合内部和外部知识可能有利于维持创新的优势。现有研究已经证实了研究协作在区域创新系统中的重要作用，但其中一些研究专注于中国在中国城市的研究合作。利用1985年至2016年含有297个城市的数据库，我们探讨了城市间网络间科学和城市间网络的动态的演变，具有两维象限分析框架和社会网络分析。结果如下：首先，协作强度逐渐增加，城市之间合作的极化已经突出显示。具有薄弱创新能力的城市打算与其他城市合作，尽管此类合作不会导致直接提高其创新性能。其次，城市间合作不仅仅是城市一级的城市内部合作，而省级边界间的城市间合作则不仅仅是城市间在省内的城市间合作。第三，企业（EE）与企业和学术机构之间的合作（AE）之间的合作是最重要的研究合作模式，但主导模式从中国到EE的AE发生了变化。第四，城市间网络介绍了“核心周边”结构，并显示了分散的趋势。城市资本城市在城市间网络中的贡献大大大于非省级资本城市。此外，位于东部地区的城市表现出比中西部城市更大的贡献，而西部和中部城市之间没有明显的差距。

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