Growing awareness about risk to health and damages to the environment has been noticed in the last few years and particularly in past one decade all over the world. This has necessitated Eco-friendly approaches in production of articles in use in day-today life. Indiscriminate use of chemicals, some of them highly toxic and carcinogenic; pose serious hazards to ecology. The extensive use of natural recourses to support industrialization is also putting tremendous pressure on ecology and ecological balance. Awareness about Eco-friendliness in textiles is one of the important issues in recent times, because textiles are in continuous contact with skin. Total Eco-friendliness is one approach, which is becoming popular. New chemical are being developed to substitute those conventional ones, which are hazardous in every stage of process like cultivation, sizing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, finishing and garmenting. Similarly novel processes or technologies such as superficial carbon-di-oxide technology, foam technology, enzyme technology, plasma technology are being developed which are more efficient and consume less raw materials and energy. Process modification such as, salt less dyeing by fibre cationisation, alkali less dyeing, reuse of exhausted dye bath, eco-friendly effluent treatment and sludge disposal are explained. As a source modification synthesisation of eco-friendly synthetic fibres such as biodegradable polyester, biodegradable nylon, polylactic acid (corn fibre), enzyme like deodorant fibres are well disused in this paper.
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