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首页> 外文期刊>The Auk >The Most Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism Among Birds: Allometry, Selection, and Early Juvenile Development in the Great Bustard (Otis tarda)
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The Most Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism Among Birds: Allometry, Selection, and Early Juvenile Development in the Great Bustard (Otis tarda)

机译：鸟类中最极端的性大小二态化：大Bus鸟的异变，选择和幼体早期发育（Otis tarda）

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摘要

The Great Bustard ( Otis tarda ) is one of the heaviest flying birds and the most sexually dimorphic living bird. Adult males weighed 2.48× more than females, and their linear measurements were 18-30% larger. Weight increased between the pre-breeding and breeding seasons by 16% in females and 20% in males. Sexual size dimorphism emerges very early in development and explains why growth in males is so costly. Weight and central toe length were hyperallometric when related to wing length in males but isometric in females and varied more in males, as compared with females and with other male traits. Although hyperallometry and high variability have frequently been used to invoke sexual selection as a driving force, our results support different functional hypotheses for the evolution of each trait. Male-male competition is intense in this lekking species, and high rank among males and access to females are weight-dependent. Thus, sexual selection has likely pushed male weight close to the limit imposed by powered flight. Because Great Bustards are mostly cursorial, the hyperallometry of the central toes of males in relation to wing length most likely evolved for support and balance. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
机译：大Bus（Otis tarda）是最重的飞鸟之一，也是性变态最强的活鸟。成年雄性比雌性重2.48倍，其线性测量值大18-30％。在繁殖前和繁殖季节之间，雌性体重增加了16％，雄性体重增加了20％。性别大小二态性在发育初期就出现了，这解释了为什么男性的生长如此昂贵。当与雄性的翅长相关时，体重和中央脚趾的长度是高变态的，但与雌性和其他雄性性状相比，雌性等长，而雌性则变化更大。尽管高变态反应和高变异性经常被用来将性选择作为驱动力，但我们的结果支持了每种性状进化的不同功能假设。在这种迁徙物种中，男性与男性之间的竞争非常激烈，男性之间的较高等级以及与女性的接触均取决于体重。因此，性选择可能使男性体重接近动力飞行所施加的极限。由于大混种大多是粗毛的，因此雄性中央脚趾相对于机翼长度的高度变态最有可能演变为支撑和平衡。 [出版物摘要]

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  • 来源
    《The Auk》 |2009年第3期|p.1-10|共10页
  • 作者

    Juan C Alonso Marina Magaña Javier A Alonso Carlos Palacín Carlos A Martín Beatriz Martín;

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    Juan C Alonso, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, andJavier A Alonso, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainJuan C Alonso, E-mail: jcalonso@mncn.csic.esPresent address: Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas--Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Toledo s, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.,;

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