New understanding of sea salt to help climate modeling

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New understanding of sea salt to help climate modeling

机译：对海盐的新认识有助于气候建模

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While a breeze over the ocean may cool beach goers in the summertime, a new scientific study has revealed that tiny wind-blown sea salt particles drifting into the atmosphere participate in a chemical reaction that may have impacts on climate and acid rain. The research, published in the online issue of Science Express, could have substantial implications for increasing the accuracy of climate models. The study by scientists at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of California, Irvine, indicates that sea salt plays an important role — but one previously not well understood — in the chemistry of sulfur in the atmosphere. One form of sulfur — sulfur dioxide — is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels containing sulfur. It is also formed when naturally emitted sulfur-containing compounds react in the atmosphere. In the air, sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfuric acid, a major component of acid rain and a contributor to haze in the atmosphere. These haze particles can affect clouds, which play an important role in climate.

机译：夏季，海洋上的微风可能会使海滩散步者感到凉爽，但一项新的科学研究表明，飘入大气中的微小的风吹海盐颗粒会参与化学反应，这可能会对气候和酸雨产生影响。这项发表在《科学快报》在线版上的研究可能会对提高气候模型的准确性产生重大影响。能源部太平洋西北国家实验室和加州大学尔湾分校的科学家进行的研究表明，海盐在大气中的硫的化学作用中起着重要作用，但以前还没有被很好地理解。一种形式的硫（二氧化硫）是燃烧含硫的化石燃料的副产品。当自然释放的含硫化合物在大气中反应时，也会形成这种化合物。在空气中，二氧化硫转化为硫酸，是酸雨的主要成分，并且是大气中雾霾的成因。这些雾霾颗粒会影响云，云在气候中起重要作用。

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《The Electron》 |2005年第4期|p.6|共1页
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中图分类无线电电子学、电信技术;
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1. The CMIP6 Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP): understanding sea ice through climate-model simulations [J] . Notz Dirk, Jahn Alexandra, Holland Marika, Geoscientific Model Development Discussions . 2016,第9期

机译：CMIP6海冰模型比对项目（SIMIP）：通过气候模型模拟了解海冰
2. Modeling sea-salt aerosol in a coupled climate and sectional microphysical model: Mass, optical depth and number concentration [J] . Fan T., Toon O.B. Atmospheric chemistry and physics . 2011,第9期

机译：在耦合气候和剖面微物理模型中模拟海盐气溶胶：质量，光学深度和数量浓度
3. Modeling sea-salt aerosol in a coupled climate and sectional microphysical model: mass, optical depth and number concentration [J] . Fan T., Toon O. B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions . 2011,第9期

机译：在耦合气候和截面微观模型中建模海盐气溶胶：质量，光学深度和数量浓度
4. Modeling size-distributed sea salt aerosols in the atmosphere: an applciation using canadian climate modles [C] . S.L.Gong, L.A.Barrie, J.P.Blanchet, NATO/CCMS international technical meetings on air pollution modeling and its application . 1998

机译：在大气中建模尺寸分布的海盐气溶胶：使用加拿大气候模型的应用
5. Salt-influenced normal faulting related to salt-dissolution and extensional tectonics: 3D seismic analysis and 2D numerical modeling of the Salt Valley Salt Wall, Utah and Danish Central Graben, North Sea Salt-influenced normal faulting related to salt-dissolution and extensional tectonics: 3D seismic analysis and 2D numerical modeling of the Salt Valley Salt Wall, Utah and Danish Central Graben, North Sea [D] . Naqi, Mohammad 2017

机译：与盐溶解和伸展构造有关的受盐影响的正断层：北海盐谷盐墙，犹他州和丹麦中部格拉本，北海的3D地震分析和2D数值模拟：与盐溶解和伸展构造有关的受盐影响的正断层：犹他州盐谷盐墙和北海丹麦中部Graben的3D地震分析和2D数值建模
6. Salt an Essential Nutrient: Advances in Understanding Salt Taste Detection Using Drosophila as a Model System [O] . Shivam Kaushik, Rahul Kumar, Pinky Kain 2018

机译：盐是必需营养素：使用果蝇作为模型系统了解盐味检测的进展
7. The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 ce that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 ce, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content. [O] . McGregor, Helen V., Evans, Michael N., Goosse, Hugues, 2015

机译：海洋调节了全球气候对自然和人为强迫的响应。然而，在过去的2,000年中（这是了解当前和未来气候对这些强迫的响应的关键间隔），全球海表温度变化及其潜在的驱动机制受到的约束很有限。在这里，我们提出了一个共同的时期（ce）的全球海面温度的全球综合，该综合来自57个符合严格质量控制标准的海洋重建项目。我们观察到从1到1800 ce的冷却趋势，对于显式测试重建中潜在的偏倚而言，该趋势很稳健。在801至1800 ce之间，表面降温趋势在质量上与地面温度重建的独立合成以及从使用过去外部辐射强迫的最佳估计的气候模型模拟集合推导出的海面温度合成在质量上是一致的。使用单一和累积强迫的气候模拟表明，从801到1800 ce的海洋表面冷却趋势主要不是对轨道强迫的反应，而是爆炸性火山爆发的频繁发生。我们的结果表明，火山喷发的反复簇可引起净的负辐射强迫，这会导致混合层海洋热量降低而导致百年和全球规模的降温趋势。
8. Understanding Climate: A Strategy for Climate Modeling and Predictability Research, 1985-1995 [R] . Thiele, O., Schiffer, R. A. 1985

机译：了解气候：气候模拟和可预测性研究战略，1985-1995

New understanding of sea salt to help climate modeling

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