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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Ethics >Free Will and Moral Responsibility: The Trap, the Appreciation of Agency, and the Bubble
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Free Will and Moral Responsibility: The Trap, the Appreciation of Agency, and the Bubble

机译：自由意志和道德责任：陷阱，代理欣赏和泡沫

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In Part I, I reflect in some detail upon the free will problem and about the way its understanding has radically changed. First I outline the four questions that go into making the free will problem. Second, I consider four paradigmatic shifts that have occurred in our understanding of this problem. Then I go on to reflect upon this complex and multi-level situation. In Part II of this essay, I explore the major alternative positions, and defend my views, in new ways. Instead of trying to spread over many issues, I present one new argument against compatibilism, which I call “The Trap”. This tries to explicate the main problem that I find with this position. Then I present an exposition of what we nevertheless need to follow, which I call “the Appreciation of Agency”. This supports a measure of compatibilism in a more modest form, and opposes hard determinism. On this basis, we can confront the philosophical and practical questions, as to what we ought to believe and how we ought to live, with respect to free will and moral responsibility. This leads to what I call “The Bubble,” which addresses the way in which we deal with the tension between the absence of libertarian free will and The Trap, and the crucial need for the Appreciation of Agency. I conclude by reflecting upon three attributes of the free will problem that I consider central, but that have been neglected in the debate: complexity, risk and tragedy.
机译：在第一部分中，我对自由意志问题及其理解从根本上改变的方式进行了详细的反思。首先，我概述了构成自由意志问题的四个问题。第二，我认为在我们对这个问题的理解中发生了四个范式转变。然后，我继续思考这个复杂和多层次的情况。在本文的第二部分中，我将探索主要的替代立场，并以新的方式捍卫我的观点。我没有试图解决许多问题，而是提出了一种反对相容性的新论点，我称之为“陷阱”。这试图说明我在该职位上发现的主要问题。然后，我提出了我们仍然需要遵循的说明，我称之为“代理赞赏”。这以较适度的形式支持了某种程度的兼容性，并且反对硬性确定性。在此基础上，我们可以就自由意志和道德责任方面面对哲学和实践问题，例如我们应该相信什么以及我们应该如何生活。这导致了我所说的“泡沫”，它解决了我们处理自由主义者的自由意志和陷阱的缺失与对代理欣赏的迫切需求之间的紧张关系的方式。最后，我对自由意志问题的三个属性进行了总结，这些属性我认为是核心问题，但是在辩论中却被忽略了：复杂性，风险和悲剧。

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