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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Navigation >Multi-Constellation GNSS Performance Evaluation for Urban Canyons Using Large Virtual Reality City Models
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Multi-Constellation GNSS Performance Evaluation for Urban Canyons Using Large Virtual Reality City Models

机译：使用大型虚拟现实城市模型的城市峡谷多星座GNSS性能评估

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摘要

Positioning using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is unreliable in dense urban areas with tall buildings and/or narrow streets, known as 'urban canyons'. This is because the buildings block, reflect or diffract the signals from many of the satellites. This paper investigates the use of 3-Dimensional (3-D) building models to predict satellite visibility. To predict Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) performance using 3-D building models, a simulation has been developed. A few optimized methods to improve the efficiency of the simulation for real-time purposes were implemented. Diffraction effects of satellite signals were considered to improve accuracy. The simulation is validated using real-world GPS and GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) observations.The performance of current and future GNSS in urban canyons is then assessed by simulation using an architectural city model of London with decimetre-level accuracy. GNSS availability, integrity and precision is evaluated over pedestrian and vehicle routes within city canyons using different combinations of GNSS constellations. The results show that using GPS and GLONASS together cannot guarantee 24-hour reliable positioning in urban canyons. However, with the addition of Galileo and Compass, currently under construction, reliable GNSS performance can be obtained at most, but not all, of the locations in the test scenarios. The modelling also demonstrates that GNSS availability is poorer for pedestrians than for vehicles and verifies that cross-street positioning errors are typically larger than along-street due to the geometrical constraints imposed by the buildings. For many applications, this modelling technique could also be used to predict the best route through a city at a given time, or the best time to perform GNSS positioning at a given location.
机译：在高楼大厦和/或狭窄街道（称为“城市峡谷”）的人口稠密的城市地区，使用全球定位系统（GPS）进行定位是不可靠的。这是因为建筑物会阻挡，反射或衍射来自许多卫星的信号。本文研究了使用3-D（3-D）建筑模型来预测卫星能见度。为了使用3-D建筑物模型预测全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的性能，已经开发了一个模拟。实施了一些优化的方法来提高实时仿真的效率。考虑了卫星信号的衍射效应以提高准确性。使用现实世界中的GPS和GLObal导航卫星系统（GLONASS）观测值对模拟进行了验证，然后使用伦敦的建筑城市模型以分米级的精度通过模拟评估了当前和未来GNSS在城市峡谷中的性能。使用GNSS星座的不同组合在城市峡谷内的行人和车辆路线上评估GNSS的可用性，完整性和精度。结果表明，同时使用GPS和GLONASS不能保证在城市峡谷中24小时可靠定位。但是，通过添加当前正在建设中的Galileo和Compass，可以在测试方案中最多但不是全部位置获得可靠的GNSS性能。该模型还表明，行人的GNSS可用性比车辆差，并且验证了由于建筑物施加的几何约束，跨街定位误差通常大于沿街。对于许多应用程序，此建模技术还可用于预测在给定时间通过城市的最佳路线，或在给定位置执行GNSS定位的最佳时间。

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