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首页> 外文期刊>The Kasetsart Journal >Effects of Seed Treatment Fungicides on Ascochyta pinodes of Field Pea Under Controlled and Field Conditions
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Effects of Seed Treatment Fungicides on Ascochyta pinodes of Field Pea Under Controlled and Field Conditions

机译：控制和田间条件下种子处理杀菌剂对豌豆Ascochyta pinodes的影响

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摘要

Nine fungicides namely thiram, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, benomyl, thiabendazole, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, benalaxyl and iprodione at the rate of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 g/L medium ai were tested in vitro against Ascochyta pinodes (teleomorph = Mycosphaerella pinodes) from field pea for inhibition of mycelial growth. Tests were also conducted on the effect of these fungicides on seed mycoflora at the rate of 2g ai/kg seed. Further studies were carried out on the effects of selected fungicides on seedling infection in growth chamber and field conditions. Radial growth of A. pinodes culture was completely inhibited by carbendazim and thiabendazole at the lowest concentration tested (0.001 g/L), benomyl at 0.01 g/L, thiram, thiophanate-methyl and iprodione at 0.1 g/L. Other fungicides affected the growth at various degrees. Seed treatment with carbendazim, chlorothalonil and iprodione completely inhibited the recovery of A. pinodes from treated seeds while 2 to 3% incidence was obtained for thiram, benomyl and thiabendazole. Untreated seeds showed 16% incidence while benalaxyl and metalaxyl gave 15 and 12% incidence, respectively. Seedling infection in growth chamber was completely controlled by carbendazim and iprodione and a reduction of 4.6% by chlorothalonil. In field trial, seed treatment with fungicides didn't affect emergence date while there was significant difference (p = 0.05) due to variety. However, carbendazim and iprodione had high emergence on all the three varieties and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence of Ascochyta infection at both locations at early development period of the crop. Infection appeared in late July and a mean incidence of was 0.03, 3.6, 7.6 and 97.1% on 28 July, 5 August, 12 August and 19August at Denbi, respectively. But at Holetta, the incidence was 0.04, 4.0 and 96.9% on 28 July, 5 August and 12 August, respectively. At both locations, a fast increase from about 10 to 100% of incidence was observed within a week time, but at different weeks. Blight severity was slightly affected at the beginning of the season and became similar soon as the season progressed. A mean seed yield of 2.15 t/ha was obtained at Holetta while it was only 0.80 t/ha at Denbi that were significantly (p < 0.05) different. This was due to difference in blight pressure. Generally, treating seeds with carbendazim improved seed yield by 13.2% and with iprodione by 12.5% over the untreated control. Seed treatment with fungicides could be used as a component of integrated blight management in field pea production.
机译：分别在0.001、0.01、0.1、1.0、10 g / L的培养基中对9种杀真菌剂，分别是锡拉姆，百菌清，甲霜灵，苯菌灵，噻菌灵，多菌灵，甲基托布津，苯菌灵和异丙菌酮，分别针对速生松（Ascochyta pinodes）进行了测试（teleomorph =来自豌豆的Mycosphaerella pinodes），用于抑制菌丝体生长。还以2g ai / kg种子的速率测试了这些杀菌剂对种子真菌的影响。在生长室和田间条件下，对所选杀菌剂对幼苗感染的影响进行了进一步研究。在最低测试浓度（0.001 g / L）下，多菌灵和噻苯达唑，在0.01 g / L下的苯菌灵，在0.1 g / L下的噻菌灵，甲基托布津和异丙基苯酮均完全抑制了品氏曲霉培养物的径向生长。其他杀菌剂在不同程度上影响了生长。用多菌灵，百菌清和异丙苯酮处理种子完全抑制了处理过的种子中曲霉的恢复，而噻菌灵，苯菌灵和噻菌灵的发生率为2％至3％。未经处理的种子显示出16％的发生率，而苯那甲酰和甲霜灵的发生率分别为15％和12％。多菌灵和异丙嗪可完全控制生长室中的幼苗感染，百菌清可减少4.6％。在田间试验中，使用杀菌剂进行种子处理不会影响出苗日期，而由于品种的不同，差异有显着性（p = 0.05）。但是，多菌灵和异丙隆在这三个品种上均出现率很高，并且在农作物的早期发育阶段，这两个位置的阿斯科奇塔感染的发生率均显着降低（p <0.05）。感染于7月下旬出现，Denbi在7月28日，8月​​5日，8月12日和8月19日的平均发病率分别为0.03％，3.6％，7.6％和97.1％。但是在Holetta，7月28日，8月​​5日和8月12日的发病率分别为0.04、4.0和96.9％。在两个地点，一周之内观察到发病率从大约10％迅速增加到100％，但在不同的星期。在季节开始时，枯萎病的严重程度受到轻微影响，并随着季节的发展而变得相似。 Holetta的平均种子产量为2.15吨/公顷，而Denbi的平均种子产量仅为0.80吨/公顷，差异显着（p <0.05）。这是由于枯萎病压力的差异。通常，与未处理的对照相比，用多菌灵处理种子可将种子产量提高13.2％，将异丙醇二酮提高12.5％。用杀真菌剂进行种子处理可作为豌豆生产中的综合病害处理的组成部分。

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