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首页> 外文期刊>The Kasetsart Journal >Isotopic Lysimeter Studies on Effects of Soil pH on the Behavior of Different Forms of N Fertilizer for Maize
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Isotopic Lysimeter Studies on Effects of Soil pH on the Behavior of Different Forms of N Fertilizer for Maize

机译：同位素测渗仪研究土壤pH值对玉米不同形态氮肥行为的影响

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摘要

A lysimeter experiment, using the ~(15)N technique, was conducted with a Reddish Brown Lateritic (Oxic Paleustult) soil adjusted to different pH's to compare the effects of N fertilizer in the forms of ammonium, nitrate and urea on the yields and N uptake of maize (Lea mays, L) and on the balance sheets of the applied N at different pH's. In strongly acid to neutral soils, ammonium, nitrate and urea were comparable in their fertilizer use efficiencies whereas in moderately alkali soils, nitrate was comparable to urea but superior to ammonium. Leaching losses of the fertilizer N increased with soil pH but was not affected by different forms of fertilizer. Gaseous loss of fertilizer N (3.7-38.2%) was much higher than leaching loss (0.2-3.8%) and was generally highest in alkali soils and lowest in neutral soils. In strongly acid soils, gaseous loss of N from urea was higher than those from ammonium and nitrate. In neutral to moderately alkali soils, the gaseous losses from ammonium and urea were comparable but higher than the loss from nitrate, with the difference being greater at higher pH. After the harvest, the amounts of fertilizer N remaining in neutral soils were not affected by the forms of fertilizer. In strongly acid soils, the amount of fertilizer N remaining in the soil from nitrate was greater than those from ammonium and urea. In moderately alkali soils, the amount of fertilizer N remaining in the soil from nitrate was comparable to that from urea but greater than that from ammonium. The figures obtained from the lysimeters on fertilizer-N recovery by maize were over-estimating whereas those on the amounts of N remaining in the soil were under-estimating compared to those obtained in the field. The total amounts of N loss from fertilizer obtained from the lysimeters were comparable to those obtained in the field. Considering the comparative effects on fertilizer recovery by plant and losses of the fertilizer, the three forms of N fertilizer are equally recommended for neutral soils. For strongly acid soils, ammonium and nitrate forms are recommended. For moderately alkali soils, nitrate form is highly recommended.
机译：使用〜（15）N技术进行溶渗仪实验，将红棕色红土（Paleustult）土壤调整至不同的pH值，以比较铵，硝酸盐和尿素形式的氮肥对产量和氮的影响玉米（Lea mays，L）的吸收以及在不同pH值下施用的氮的资产负债表上的吸收。在强酸至中性土壤中，铵，硝酸盐和尿素的肥料使用效率可比，而在中度碱性土壤中，硝酸盐可与尿素媲美，但优于铵。肥料氮的淋溶损失随土壤pH值的增加而增加，但不受不同形式肥料的影响。氮肥的气态损失（3.7-38.2％）远高于浸出损失（0.2-3.8％），通常在碱性土壤中最高，而在中性土壤中最低。在强酸性土壤中，尿素中氮的气态损失高于铵和硝酸盐中的氮。在中性至中度碱性土壤中，铵和尿素的气态损失相当，但高于硝酸盐的气态损失，在较高的pH下差异更大。收获后，中性土壤中残留的肥料氮量不受肥料形式的影响。在强酸性土壤中，硝态氮残留在土壤中的肥料N的数量要大于铵态氮和尿素。在中等碱度的土壤中，硝态氮残留在土壤中的氮肥含量与尿素相当，但大于铵态氮。与从田间获得的数据相比，从溶菌仪获得的关于玉米氮素回收率的数字被高估了，而土壤中残留的氮含量的数字却被低估了。从测渗仪获得的肥料中氮的损失总量与本领域获得的氮相当。考虑到对植物回收肥料和肥料损失的比较影响，对于中性土壤，同样推荐使用三种形式的氮肥。对于强酸性土壤，建议使用铵盐和硝酸盐。对于中等碱度的土壤，强烈建议使用硝酸盐形式。

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