Low feed rates for minimal wear

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Low feed rates for minimal wear

机译：低进给率，磨损最小

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According to ExxonMobil, the principal duty of an engine lubricating oil is to minimise wear and reduce risk of deposits forming; this helps to extend engine life, reduce maintenance costs and lessen a ship's environmental impact. Additionally, as lubricating oil is a high-cost item for ship operators, it makes sense to keep feed rates at the lowest practicable level. To achieve these contradictory goals, the chosen oil must include high reserves of performance. Mobilgard 560 VS cylinder oil is designed to operate with variable fuel sulphur levels, and tested to operate in most large two-stroke engines burning residual fuels containing up to 4% sulphur. The company says that this eliminates the need for multiple cylinder oils, helping to save time and storage space, and also help reduce the risk of human error. 560 VS is not, however, recommended for the latest generation of long-stroke MAN B&W Mark 9 and G-type engines burning high-sulphur marine fuels.

机译：根据埃克森美孚公司的说法，发动机润滑油的主要职责是最大程度地减少磨损并减少沉积物的形成。这有助于延长发动机寿命，降低维护成本并减轻船舶对环境的影响。另外，由于润滑油是船舶运营商的高成本产品，因此将进料速度保持在最低可行水平是有意义的。为了实现这些矛盾的目标，所选的机油必须具有较高的性能储备。 Mobilgard 560 VS汽缸油设计为可在可变的燃料硫含量下运行，并经过测试可在大多数大型二冲程发动机中运行，燃烧的残余燃料含硫量高达4％。该公司表示，这消除了对多种气缸油的需求，从而节省了时间和存储空间，还有助于降低人为错误的风险。但是，不建议将560 VS用于最新一代的长冲程MAN B＆W Mark 9发动机和燃烧高硫船用燃料的G型发动机。

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《The Motor Ship》 |2013年第6期|27-27|共1页
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收录信息美国《工程索引》(EI);
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正文语种 eng
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6. A Mid-Term Analysis Suggests Ceramic on Ceramic Hip Arthroplasty Is Durable with Minimal Wear and Low Risk of Squeak [O] . Dennis Molloy, Chris Jack, Christina Esposito, 2012

机译：中期分析表明陶瓷髋关节置换术经久耐用磨损最小吱吱声低
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

Low feed rates for minimal wear

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