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Graham v. Connor - Is Objective Reasonableness Good Enough?

机译：Graham诉Connor-客观合理性是否足够？

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摘要

Recent police shootings and other uses of force against allegedly unarmed individuals have generated a lively discussion on whether police uses of force are appropriate and by what standards they should be judged. Twenty-seven years ago, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that all police officer uses of force against pretrial detainees are to be judged by the objective reasonableness standard of Graham v. Connor. In Graham, an officer thought he saw an armed robbery being committed by Graham. The officer stopped the car Graham was riding in and took steps to immobilize Graham but encountered resistance. Graham was injured as a result of police action. However, Graham was not a robber-he was a diabetic who was having an insulin reaction. The Graham decision holds that all police officer uses of force against free citizens should be judged against the Fourth Amendment's proscription of unreasonable seizures-not by hindsight, but by an objective review of the facts confronting the officer.2 The officer's own personal feelings, fear, anger, and frustration are not considered, rather the test is based on the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene. Courts evaluate the reasonableness of the officer's actions based upon whether a reasonable officer standing in the shoes of the officer who used force would reasonably perceive there was a need to use the amount of force used in the given situation.
机译：警方最近对据称没有武装的个人开枪射击和使用其他武力引起了热烈的讨论，讨论了警察使用武力是否适当以及应以何种标准进行判断。二十七年前，美国最高法院裁定，所有警官对审前被拘留者使用武力的行为，均应以Graham诉Connor案的客观合理性标准进行判断。在格雷厄姆，一名军官以为他看到格雷厄姆正在实施武装抢劫。警官拦下了格雷厄姆乘坐的汽车，并采取措施使格雷厄姆无法动弹，但遭到抵抗。格雷厄姆因警察行动受伤。但是，格雷厄姆不是强盗，他是一位患有胰岛素反应的糖尿病患者。格雷厄姆（Graham）裁决认为，应根据《第四修正案》关于不合理扣押的规定，对所有警官对自由公民使用武力的行为进行判断，而不是事后才知道，而应客观地审查警官面临的事实。2警官自身的个人感受，恐惧没有考虑到愤怒，沮丧和挫败感，而是根据现场合理人员的观点进行测试。法院根据一名合理的军官站在使用武力的军官的鞋子上是否会合理地认为在给定情况下需要使用武力的数量，来评估该军官行动的合理性。

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  • 来源
    《The police chief》 |2016年第5期|18-19|共2页
  • 作者

    John J. Knoll;

  • 作者单位

    Law Department, Overland Park, Kansas;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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