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Wrongful Convictions, Cognitive Bias, and Forensic Science

机译：错误的定罪，认知偏见和法医学

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On May 30,1997, a man shot at Sergeant Gregory Gallagher with the sergeant's gun and fired at an area resident, Benjamin Pitre. The man then forced himself into the house of a local resident, Bonnie Lacy, and, when fleeing the residence, he left behind a sweatshirt, a mug he had drunk water from, and the gun. After a few days, Sergeant Gallagher identified the suspect in a photo lineup, but the other witnesses (Benjamin Pitre and Bonnie Lacy) did not. When the suspect, Stephen Cowan, was subsequently put into a live lineup, Sergeant Gallager and Mr. Pitre identified him. Mrs. Lacy did not. The thumbprint the shooter left on the water mug generated no match in the computerized national fingerprint database in which Cowan's fingerprint was stored; however, during the trial, two Boston, Massachusetts, Police Department fingerprint analysts testified that Cowan's thumbprint was a match. This testimony, along with the eyewitness identifications, led to the jury decision that Cowan was guilty of all charges on June 30,1998. Cowan was sentenced to 35 to 50 years in prison, and the decision was upheld by the Appeals Court of Massachusetts on October 12, 2001.
机译：1997年5月30日，一名男子用中士的枪向格里高里·加拉格尔中士开枪，向居民本杰明·皮特雷开枪。该名男子随后强迫自己进入当地居民邦妮·莱西的房屋，逃离该房屋时，留下了一件运动衫，一个从中喝水的杯子和枪支。几天后，加拉格尔中士在照片阵容中找到了嫌疑犯，但其他证人（本杰明·皮特雷和邦妮·拉西）却没有。当犯罪嫌疑人斯蒂芬·科万（Stephen Cowan）随后进入现场直播时，加拉格警长和皮特尔先生确定了他。拉西太太没有。射手在水杯上留下的指纹在存储科恩指纹的计算机化国家指纹数据库中没有匹配项；但是，在审判过程中，马萨诸塞州波士顿市警察局的两名指纹分析员作证说，科恩的指纹是匹配的。该证词加上目击者的证词，导致陪审团裁定，Cowan于1998年6月30日犯有所有指控。科恩被判处35至50年徒刑，该判决于2001年10月12日由马萨诸塞州上诉法院维持。

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