Multi-day rainfall trends over the Iberian Peninsula

Francisco Javier Acero; Mariea Cruz Gallego; Josee Agustien Garciea

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Multi-day rainfall trends over the Iberian Peninsula

机译：伊比利亚半岛的多日降雨趋势

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In order to analyze the effects of the duration of precipitation events, trends in extreme rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) for multi-day extreme precipitation events (1 to 7 days) were evaluated from records of 52 observatories regularly distributed over Iberia with no missing data for the common period 1958-2004. Two approaches were used: first, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test together with the Sen method, and second, a parametric test based on the statistical theory of extreme values, involving time-dependent parameters to account for possible temporal changes in the frequency distribution. It was found that, in winter, there were significant negative trends for a great part of the Iberian Peninsula, but significant positive trends for the southeast over areas that shrank as the number of days considered for the precipitation event increased. Spring also showed negative trends for a great part of the IP but with a major area of positive trend over the northeast that remained unchanged when considering the maxima of from 1 to 7 days of rainfall. Autumn showed a bipolar spatial pattern, with the west being positive and the east negative.

机译：为了分析降雨事件持续时间的影响，根据伊比利亚全境定期分布的52个观测站的记录评估了伊比利亚半岛（IP）连续几天（1至7天）的极端降雨趋势。缺少1958-2004年共同时期的数据。使用了两种方法：第一种是与Sen方法一起使用的非参数Mann-Kendall检验，第二种是基于极值统计理论的参数检验，其中涉及时间相关的参数以说明频率可能的时间变化分配。人们发现，冬季，伊比利亚半岛的大部分地区存在明显的负趋势，但东南部地区的显着正趋势却随着考虑降水事件天数的增加而缩小。春季在大部分IP区域也显示出负趋势，但东北地区的主要正趋势区域在考虑1至7天的最大降雨时保持不变。秋天表现出双极的空间格局，西部为正，东部为负。

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《Theoretical and applied climatology》 |2012年第4期|p.411-423|共13页
作者
Francisco Javier Acero; Mariea Cruz Gallego; Josee Agustien Garciea;
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作者单位

Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Extremadura,Av. Elvas s, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;

Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Extremadura,Av. Elvas s, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;

Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Extremadura,Av. Elvas s, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
generalized extreme value distribution; multi-day rainfall series;

机译：广义极值分布;多日降雨系列;

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专利

1. Peaks-over-threshold study of trends in extreme rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula. [J] . Javier Acero F., Garcia J. A., Cruz Gallego M. Journal of Climate . 2011,第4期

机译：伊比利亚半岛极端降雨趋势的阈值上限研究。
2. Trends in daily rainfall in the Iberian Peninsula from 1951 to 2002 [J] . Rodrigo FS, Trigo RM International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society . 2007,第4期

机译：1951年至2002年伊比利亚半岛每日降雨量的变化趋势
3. Trends in block-seasonal extreme rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula in the second half of the twentieth century. [J] . Garcia J A, Gallego M C, Serrano A, Journal of Climate . 2007,第1期

机译：20世纪下半叶伊比利亚半岛的季节性季节性极端降雨趋势。
4. GIS and Geovisualization Technologies Applied to Rainfall Spatial Patterns over the Iberian Peninsula using the Global Climate Monitor Web Viewer [C] . Juan Antonio Alfonso Gutierrez, Monica Aguilar-Alba, Juan Mariano Camarillo Naranjo International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management . 2018

机译：GIS和地理化技术应用于利用全球气候监视器网络查看器降雨空间模式
5. Probability structure and return period calculations for multi-day monsoon rainfall events at Subang, Malaysia. [D] . Muhammad, Nur Shazwani. 2013

机译：马来西亚梳邦多日季风降雨事件的概率结构和返回期计算。
6. Trends of Rural Tropospheric Ozone at the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula [O] . S. Saavedra, A. Rodríguez, J. A. Souto, 2012

机译：伊比利亚半岛西北部农村对流层臭氧的变化趋势
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

Multi-day rainfall trends over the Iberian Peninsula

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