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Olive flowering as an indicator of local climatic changes

机译：橄榄开花是当地气候变化的指标

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In recent years many studies on climate change and its impacts have been published. In this investigation the flowering of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) in central Italy was related to climate and its usefulness as a bio-indicator for climatic change has been studied. An aerobiological method was used to determine the flowering periods in each of 22 study years (1982-2003), and five yearly target dates in correspondence to different flowering phases were selected. Climatic trends were studied through heat summations (daily maximum, minimum and average temperatures) from 1 January to the annual day of full flowering; moreover Growing Degree Days (GDD) and Chilling Units (CU) were carried out since 1 January to 25 conventional dates in the pre-flowering period. Statistical analyses were carried out to study the relationships among climatic trends (expressed by GDD and CU) and the flowering phases. The principal result may be represented by the close relationship between climate and reproductive phenology to consider olive flowering as a good indicator of climatic changes.
机译：近年来，关于气候变化及其影响的许多研究已经发表。在这项调查中，意大利中部的橄榄树（Olea europaea L.）的开花与气候有关，并且已经研究了其作为气候变化生物指标的有用性。在22个研究年（1982-2003年）的每一年中，采用了一种航空生物学方法来确定开花期，并选择了与不同开花期相对应的五个年度目标日期。通过从1月1日到盛花的年度日的热量总和（每日最高，最低和平均温度）研究了气候趋势。此外，从1月1日到开花前的25个常规日期开始，进行了生长天数（GDD）和冷却单位（CU）。进行统计分析以研究气候趋势（以GDD和CU表示）与开花期之间的关系。主要结果可能是气候和生殖物候之间的密切关系所代表的，认为橄榄开花是气候变化的良好指标。

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