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Automatic music composition using answer set programming

机译：使用答案集编程自动进行音乐创作

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摘要

Music composition used to be a pen and paper activity. These days music is often composed with the aid of computer software, even to the point where the computer composes parts of the score autonomously. The composition of most styles of music is governed by rules. We show that by approaching the automation, analysis and verification of composition as a knowledge representation task and formalising these rules in a suitable logical language, powerful and expressive intelligent composition tools can be easily built. This application paper describes the use of answer set programming to construct an automated system, named Anton, that can compose melodic, harmonic and rhythmic music, diagnose errors in human compositions and serve as a computer-aided composition tool. The combination of harmonic, rhythmic and melodic composition in a single framework makes Anton unique in the growing area of algorithmic composition. With near real-time composition, Anton reaches the point where it can not only be used as a component in an interactive composition tool but also has the potential for live performances and concerts or automatically generated background music in a variety of applications. With the use of a fully declarative language and an "off-the-shelf" reasoning engine, Anton provides the human composer a tool which is significantly simpler, more compact and more versatile than other existing systems.
机译：音乐创作曾经是一种笔和纸活动。如今，音乐通常是借助计算机软件来构成的，甚至可以由计算机自动地构成乐谱的一部分。大多数音乐风格的创作都受规则支配。我们表明，通过将合成的自动化，分析和验证作为一种知识表示任务并将这些规则形式化为合适的逻辑语言，可以轻松构建功能强大且表现力强的智能合成工具。本应用论文介绍了如何使用答案集编程来构建名为Anton的自动化系统，该系统可以创作旋律，和声和有节奏的音乐，诊断人类乐曲中的错误并用作计算机辅助的乐曲工具。在单个框架中谐波，节奏和旋律合成的组合使Anton在算法合成的增长领域中独树一帜。通过近乎实时的作曲，Anton不仅可以用作交互式作曲工具的组成部分，而且还具有在各种应用中进行现场表演，演唱会或自动生成背景音乐的潜力。通过使用完全声明性的语言和“现成的”推理引擎，Anton为人类作曲家提供了一种工具，该工具比其他现有系统明显更简单，更紧凑且更通用。

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