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首页> 外文期刊>Theory and Society >Associations, active citizenship, and the quality of democracy in Brazil and Mexico
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Associations, active citizenship, and the quality of democracy in Brazil and Mexico

机译：巴西和墨西哥的协会，积极的公民身份和民主素质

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摘要

In many Third Wave democracies large classes of people experience diminished forms of citizenship. The systematic exclusion from mandated public goods and services significantly injures the citizenship and life chances of entire social groups. In democratic theory civil associations have a fundamental role to play in reversing this reality. One strand of theory, known as civic engagement, suggests that associations empower their members to engage in public politics, hold state officials to account, claim public services, and thereby improve the quality of democracy. Empirical demonstration of the argument is surprisingly rare, however, and limited to affluent democracies. In this article, we use original survey data for two large cities in Third Wave democracies—S?o Paulo and Mexico City—to explore this argument in a novel way. We focus on the extent to which participation in associations (or associationalism) increases “active citizenship”—the effort to negotiate directly with state agents access to goods and services legally mandated for public provision, such as healthcare, sanitation, and security—rather than civic engagement, which encompasses any voluntary and public spirited activity. We examine separately associationalism’s impact on the quality of citizenship, a dimension that varies independently from the level of active citizenship, by assessing differences in the types of citizenship practices individuals use to obtain access to vital goods and services. To interpret the findings, and identify possible causal pathways, the paper moves back-and-forth between two major research traditions that are rarely brought into dialogue: civic engagement and comparative historical studies of democratization.
机译：在许多第三浪民主国家中，许多阶级的公民身份有所减少。有计划地将公共物品和服务排除在外，极大地损害了整个社会群体的公民身份和生活机会。在民主理论中，民间协会在逆转这一现实中起着根本性的作用。一种理论被称为公民参与，这表明协会赋予其成员参与公共政治的权力，要求州官员承担责任，要求提供公共服务，从而提高民主的质量。然而，对这一论点的经验证明非常罕见，而且仅限于富裕的民主国家。在本文中，我们将使用第三波民主国家两个大城市的原始调查数据（圣保罗和墨西哥城）以新颖的方式探讨这一论点。我们关注的是，参加协会（或协会）的程度在多大程度上增加了“积极的公民身份”，即与州政府直接谈判以获取法律规定的公共服务规定的商品和服务（如医疗，卫生和安全）的努力，而不是公民参与，包括任何自愿性和公众参与的活动。我们通过评估个人用来获取重要商品和服务的公民行为类型的差异，来单独研究社团主义对公民质量的影响，该维度独立于活跃公民的水平。为了解释这些发现并确定可能的因果关系，本文在两个很少被对话的主要研究传统之间来回移动：公民参与和比较民主的历史研究。

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