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Solar Heat Supply: World Statistics and Peculiarities of the Russian Experience

机译：太阳能供热：世界经验和俄罗斯经验的特殊性

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Summarized data on the number and types of solar collectors and solar plants in use in various countries of the world, as well as on the market development dynamics and specific thermal capacity of operating solar plants per 1000 people, are given. State demand stimulation activities for solar plants are presented for some countries. It is noted that the modern trend in the improvement of solar collectors is the price reduction for materials with the substitution of copper for aluminum in the absorber manufacturing and the reduction of the energy-output ratio using soldering, crimping, and adhesive joints instead of welding. The minimal cost of the generated heat energy is provided by centralized solar heat supply systems. The values of the area of solar plants in Russia (2017), their structure, the features of solar collectors, including Russian-made, are presented. It is indicated that constructions of solar collectors with the optimal cost-effectiveness ratio are in demand on the Russian market. The information on the state of development and use of solar heat plants in Russia is summarized. The main design decisions and operating features of large solar plants in Narimanov, Astrakhan oblast (4400 m_(2)), and in Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar krai (600 m_(2)), have been considered. It is established that the prospects of the Russian market are determined by the solar radiation in regions as well as the costs of solar collectors and replaceable conventional energy carriers. With allowance for the existing trends and peculiarities of regional development, the prospective Russian solar power market is estimated at 1400000–1500000 m_(2)(1100–1200 MW).
机译：给出了有关世界各国使用的太阳能收集器和太阳能发电厂的数量和类型，以及每千人中正在运行的太阳能发电厂的市场发展动态和比热容量的汇总数据。某些国家介绍了国家对太阳能发电厂的需求刺激活动。值得注意的是，改进太阳能集热器的现代趋势是降低材料价格，在吸收体制造中用铜代替铝，并通过焊接，压接和粘合接头代替焊接来降低能量输出比。 。集中的太阳能供热系统提供了产生的热能的最小成本。介绍了俄罗斯太阳能发电厂的面积值（2017年），其结构，包括俄罗斯制造的太阳能集热器的特征。结果表明，在俄罗斯市场上需要具有最佳成本效益比的太阳能收集器的构造。总结了有关俄罗斯太阳能热电厂发展和使用情况的信息。已经考虑了位于阿斯特拉罕州Narimanov（4400 m_（2））和位于克拉斯诺达尔边疆区（600 m_（2））的Ust-Labinsk的大型太阳能发电厂的主要设计决策和运行特征。可以确定的是，俄罗斯市场的前景取决于该地区的太阳辐射以及太阳能收集器和可更换的常规能源载体的成本。考虑到区域发展的现有趋势和特殊性，俄罗斯的太阳能市场前景广阔，估计为1400000-1500000 m_（2）（1100-1200 MW）。

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