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首页> 外文期刊>Thermal engineering >Application of Condensing Heat Utilizers at Heat-Power Engineering Objects (Review)
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Application of Condensing Heat Utilizers at Heat-Power Engineering Objects (Review)

机译：冷凝式热电厂在热电工程中的应用（综述）

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摘要

Increasing the efficiency of fuel use in the production of electricity and heat can be achieved by carrying out activities aimed at modernizing existing power plants. Such highly effective measures include equipping boilers with a condensing heat utilizer (CHU) that allows the use of low-potential heat of outgoing flue gases. When the flue gases are cooled in CHU below the dew point temperature of the water vapor contained therein, up to 12–15% of the heat recovery can be obtained, which can be used to heat the return-network water in the heat network. It is most effective to use CHU in boilers burning natural gas and biofuel whose combustion products contain a large amount of water vapor. The temperature of the return-network water has a great influence on the efficiency of the CHU use. Three characteristic ranges of utilization efficiency of low-potential heat, which depends on the temperature of the reverse network water, are selected. Various solutions are given that allow ensuring a high degree of utilization in CHU of the heat released during condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products at the temperature of the reverse-network water close to the dew-point temperature. Examples of the successful application of CHU of various brands at power plants in the Nordic countries, namely Sweden, Denmark, Latvia, and Estonia, that have similar climatic conditions with Russia and similar district heating systems are considered. CHU with preheating and humidification of air supplied to the boiler for combustion, which will not only effectively utilize low-potential heat but also significantly reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, are also considered.
机译：通过开展旨在使现有发电厂现代化的活动，可以提高发电和供热中燃料的使用效率。此类高效措施包括为锅炉配备冷凝式热利用器（CHU），该冷凝式热利用器可利用流出的烟道气的低势能。当烟气在CHU中冷却到低于其中所含水蒸气的露点温度时，可获得高达12-15％的热回收，可用于加热热网中的回水。在燃烧天然气和生物燃料的锅炉中使用CHU是最有效的方法，其燃烧产物中含有大量的水蒸气。回水温度对CHU使用效率有很大影响。选择了低电热利用效率的三个特征范围，这三个特征范围取决于反向网络水的温度。给出了各种解决方案，这些解决方案允许在逆向网络水的温度接近露点温度的情况下，确保在燃烧产物中所含的水蒸气冷凝期间释放的热量在CHU中得到高度利用。考虑了在北欧国家（如瑞典，丹麦，拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚）的发电厂中成功使用各种品牌的CHU的例子，这些国家的气候条件与俄罗斯相似，并且区域供热系统相似。还考虑了将预热和加湿的空气供应到锅炉进行燃烧的CHU，这不仅将有效利用低电位热量，而且还将大大减少氮氧化物向大气中的排放。

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