A Review of Technologies for Multistage Wood Biomass Gasification

A. S. Mednikov

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A Review of Technologies for Multistage Wood Biomass Gasification

机译：多级木材生物质气化技术综述

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Currently, small-scale distributed power generation is being intensively developed in Russia and abroad. Given the rise in the rates for the electric and thermal energy, the development of new territories, and the technical infeasible connection to the power supply system, one of the most promising variants of supplying isolated consumers with power is the application of wood biomass gasification technologies. Analysis of the studies in this sphere shows that considerable attention is paid to enhancing the gasification efficiency and ensuring the purity of the gas. These problems are solved using multistage gasification technology. This technology involves the pyrolysis and gasification in separated zones of the gasifier or individual interconnected reactors, which enables achieving the optimal conditions for the conversion of biomass at every separate stage. The major advantage of multistage gasifiers is the production of synthesis gas with a low content of tar. The article represents a review of technologies for multistage wood biomass gasification and comparison of the relevant gasifiers of various types; the basic single-stage and multistage wood biomass gasification technologies are examined and their technical characteristics and examples of their commercial implementation are provided. Analysis of the current situation shows that predominantly foreign multistage wood biomass gasification technologies/plants have found practical application. These technologies allow the produced syngas to be directly used in internal combustion engines and gas turbines without employing expensive auxiliary detarring plants.

机译：目前，俄罗斯和国外正在大力发展小型分布式发电。鉴于电能和热能费率的上升，新领域的发展以及与供电系统的技术上不可行的连接，为孤立的消费者提供电力的最有希望的变体之一是应用木材生物质气化技术。对这一领域研究的分析表明，已经相当重视提高气化效率和确保气体纯度。使用多级气化技术解决了这些问题。这项技术涉及在气化炉或单独的相互连接的反应器的单独区域中进行热解和气化，从而能够在每个单独的阶段实现生物质转化的最佳条件。多级气化炉的主要优点是生产焦油含量低的合成气。本文介绍了多级木材生物质气化技术的综述，并比较了各种类型的相关气化炉；考察了基本的单级和多级木材生物质气化技术，并提供了其技术特征和商业应用实例。对当前情况的分析表明，主要是国外的多级木材生物质气化技术/装置已得到实际应用。这些技术使所生产的合成气可直接用于内燃机和燃气轮机，而无需使用昂贵的辅助脱脂设备。

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来源
《Thermal engineering》 |2018年第8期|531-546|共16页
作者
A. S. Mednikov;
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作者单位

Melent’ev Institute of Energy Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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关键词
wood biomass; multistage gasification; distributed power generation; gasifier; syngas; tars;

机译：木材生物质;多级气化;分布式发电;气化炉;合成气;焦油;

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1. Co-combustion and gasification projects in the Netherlands: coal and wood fuel for electricity production -- an environmentally sound solution for waste and demolition wood-large-scale biomass gasifier starting operation [J] . F. W. M. Penninks, W. Willeboer VGB KraftwerksTechnik . 2000,第5期

机译：荷兰的联合燃烧和气化项目：用于生产电力的煤和木材燃料-一种用于废物和拆除木材的无害环境解决方案，大型生物质气化炉开始运行
2. The characteristics of biomass gasification in multistage heating and gradient chain gasifier [J] . Cai Jianjun, Wang Shuzhong, Wang Qingcheng, International journal of hydrogen energy . 2016,第35期

机译：多级加热和梯度链气化炉中生物质气化的特征
3. An advanced biomass gasification technology with integrated catalytic hot gas cleaning. Part III: Effects of inorganic species in char on the reforming of tars from wood and agricultural wastes [J] . Zhang Shu, Song Yao, Song Yun Cai, Fuel . 2016,第NOVa1期

机译：先进的生物质气化技术，集成了催化热气净化功能。第三部分：炭中无机物种类对木材和农业废料中焦油重整的影响
4. Experimental of wood gasification in suction biomass gasifier [C] . Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad, Zainal Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin, Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid, International Conference on Advanced Materials Engineering and Technology . 2013

机译：吸入生物质气化器木气化实验
5. Modeling of Biomass Gasification: Comparison with Semi-Industrial Gasifier and In Depth Analysis on Process Difficulties [D] . Couto, Nuno Tiago Dinis 2017

机译：生物质气化的建模：与半工业气化炉的比较以及工艺难度的深度分析
6. Experiments on torrefied wood pellet: study by gasification and characterization for waste biomass to energy applications [O] . Andrew N. Rollinson, Orla Williams 2016

机译：烘焙木屑颗粒的实验：通过气化和表征研究废物生物质在能源方面的应用
7. This article presents a new numerical model describing the behaviour of a thermally thick wood sample exposed to high solar heat flux (above 1 MW/m2). A preliminary study based on dimensionless numbers is used to classify the problem and support model building assumptions. Then, a model based on mass, momentum and energy balance equations is proposed. These equations are coupled with liquid-vapour drying model and pseudo species biomass degradation model. By comparing to a former experimental study, preliminary results have shown that these equations are not enough to accurately predict biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux. Indeed, a char layer acting as radiative shield forms on the sample exposed surface. In addition to this classical set of equations, it is mandatory to take into account radiation penetration into the medium. Furthermore, as biomass contains water, medium deformation consecutively to char steam gasification must also be implemented. Finally, with the addition of these two strategies, the model is able to properly capture the degradation of biomass when exposed to high radiative heat flux over a range of sample initial moisture content. Additional insights of biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux were also derived. Drying, pyrolysis and gasification fronts are present at the same time inside of the sample. The coexistence of these three thermochemical fronts leads to char gasification by the steam produced from drying of the sample, which it is the main phenomenon behind medium ablation. [O] . Pozzobon, Victor, Salvador, Sylvain, Bézian, Jean Jacques 2018

机译：本文提供了一个新的数值模型，该模型描述了暴露于高太阳热通量（高于1 / MW / m2）的热厚木材样品的行为。基于无量纲数的初步研究用于对问题进行分类并支持模型构建假设。然后，提出了一种基于质量，动量和能量平衡方程的模型。这些方程式与液体蒸汽干燥模型和假物种生物质降解模型耦合。通过与以前的实验研究进行比较，初步结果表明，这些方程不足以准确预测高太阳热通量下的生物量行为。的确，在样品暴露的表面上形成了充当辐射屏蔽层的炭层。除了这套经典的方程式之外，还必须考虑到辐射向介质的渗透。此外，由于生物质中含有水，因此还必须在炭蒸气汽化后进行连续的介质变形。最后，通过添加这两种策略，该模型能够在一定范围的样品初始水分含量下暴露于高辐射热通量的情况下，正确捕获生物质的降解。还得出了在高太阳热通量下生物量行为的其他见解。样品内部同时存在干燥，热解和气化前沿。这三个热化学前沿的共存会导致样品干燥产生的蒸汽产生焦炭气化，这是介质烧蚀的主要现象。
8. Investigations on Catalyzed Steam Gasification of Biomass. Appendix B: Feasibility Study of Methanol Production Via Catalytic Gasification of 2000 Tons of Wood Per Day [R] . Mudge, L. K., Weber, S. L., Mitchell, D. H., 1981

机译：生物质催化蒸汽气化的研究。附录B：通过每天2000吨木材的催化气化生产甲醇的可行性研究

A Review of Technologies for Multistage Wood Biomass Gasification

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