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首页> 外文期刊>Thermal engineering >Current State and Trends in the Design and Operation of Water-Cooled Condensers of Steam Turbines for Thermal and Nuclear Power Stations (Review)
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Current State and Trends in the Design and Operation of Water-Cooled Condensers of Steam Turbines for Thermal and Nuclear Power Stations (Review)

机译：电流和核电站蒸汽轮机水冷冷凝器的设计和运行趋势（评论）

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摘要

Abstract— A review and analysis are presented of the available foreign publications on the modern methods of design, manufacture, design calculation, and operation of water-cooled condensers for large steam turbines used in Russia and abroad. A list of the world’s leading manufacturers of condensers is presented. The adopted alternative arrangements of condensers concerning the turbine centerline and available condenser design styles are examined. The condensers for turbines manufactured by General Electric and the Leningrad Metal Works (LMZ) are compared by their design characteristics and performance indices. The arrangements of tube bundles used in designing and upgrading condensers in Russia and abroad are presented. Information is given on construction materials of condenser tubes and tube sheets as well as on the methods for tube-to-tube sheet attachment. Data on air removal equipment of the condensers are presented. The basic lines of evolution of steam jet ejectors, water-ring pumps, and hybrid air removal systems are considered. The methods of condenser heat-transfer surface cleaning adopted in Russia and abroad are compared. The data on the number of failures and the basic causes of these failure are presented. The procedures for replacement of tubes during repair or modernization of condensers and the symptoms used to determine the necessity of tube replacement are described. Information derived from the authors' investigations and a review of American publications on the potential for heat transfer enhancement in the condensers through the use of shaped tubes is given. The condenser design methods and standards applicable in Russia and abroad are assessed. The lines of improvement in the design of condensers for modern steam turbines of thermal and nuclear power stations are outlined.
机译：摘要 - 在俄罗斯和国外使用的大型汽轮机的水冷式冷凝器的现代设计，制造，设计计算和操作方法中提出了审查和分析。提供了世界领先的冷凝器制造商的名单。检查了关于涡轮中心线和可用冷凝器设计风格的电容器采用的替代安排。通过它们的设计特性和性能指标进行通过通用电气和列宁格勒金属工程（LMZ）制造的涡轮机的冷凝器。提出了用于在俄国和国外设计和升级冷凝器的管束的布置。关于冷凝器管和管板的建筑材料以及管管纸张附着的方法给出了信息。提出了冷凝器空气移除设备的数据。考虑了蒸汽喷射器喷射器，水环泵和混合空气去除系统的基本演变线。比较了俄罗斯和国外采用的冷凝器热转表面清洁方法。提出了关于故障次数的数据和这些失败的基本原因。描述了在冷凝器的修理或现代化期间更换管的程序和用于确定替换的必要性的症状。给出了作者调查的信息和对美国出版物的审查通过使用成形管在冷凝器中的传热增强潜力。评估了适用于俄罗斯和国外的冷凝器设计方法和标准。概述了现代汽轮机的现代蒸汽轮机冷凝器设计的改进线。

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