The Effectiveness of Using Air-to-Water Heat Pumps under Russian Climatic Conditions

I. V. Yakovlev; A. M. Iskhakova

摘要

Abstract— The energy efficiency of a combined heat-supply system constructed on the basis of an air-to-water heat pump and an additional heat source (an electric boiler) for its operation under different climatic conditions of Russia is studied using the simulation method. The considered subject is of issue because the answer to the question about the effectiveness of using air-source heat pumps depends on many factors, which may influence the effectiveness in different ways. These factors include, in particular, essentially different climatic conditions in different regions and specific consumption of fuel for supply of electricity and heat and different ratios between the tariffs for heat and electricity. A procedure for estimating the effectiveness of an autonomous space-heating system constructed on the basis of a heat pump as a function of the share of the heat-pump unit’s nominal heat output in the design heating load is proposed. The procedure is based on using the relative expenditures of energy carriers (reference fuel) and financial expenditures for them in autonomous heat-supply systems on the basis of a heat pump and district heating. The results from calculations of relative consumption of fuel and energy resources and relative operating costs for certain regions of Russia having different climatic conditions are given. The calculations were carried out using generalized characteristics of heat pumps from different manufacturers, actual climatic data for three heating seasons, and ratios between the specific reference fuel consumptions for generation of electricity and heat and tariffs for energy carriers. It is shown that, in the case of using air-to-water heat pumps, the optimal ratio between the nominal heat output of heat-pump units and the design heating load is in the range from 1.0 to 1.4 depending on the design outdoor air temperature. In this case, the expenditures of fuel and energy resources and the financial expenditures for them are commensurable with the costs for district heating.

机译：摘要 - 使用模拟方法研究了基于空气热泵和额外的热源（电锅炉）在俄罗斯的不同气候条件下进行的额外热源（电锅炉）的能效。。被认为的主题是问题的，因为关于使用空气源热泵有效性的问题的答案取决于许多因素，这可能影响不同方式的有效性。这些因素尤其包括在不同地区的基本上不同的气候条件以及用于供应电力和热量的燃料的特定消耗以及电费之间进行热电和电力之间的不同比率。提出了一种根据热泵构造的自主空间加热系统的有效性的过程，作为在设计加热负荷中的散热器载荷中的乘法输出的份额的份额。该程序是基于在热泵和区加热的基础上使用能量载体（参考燃料）和金融支出的相对支出和金融支出。给出了燃料和能源相对消耗的结果以及俄罗斯某些地区具有不同气候条件的相对运营成本。使用来自不同制造商的热泵的广义特性进行计算，三种加热季节的实际气候数据，以及用于产生电力和热量的特定参考燃料消耗的比率与能量携带者的电力。结果表明，在使用空气 - 水热泵的情况下，加热泵单元的标称热输出与设计加热负荷之间的最佳比率在1.0至1.4的范围内取决于设计室外空气温度。在这种情况下，燃料和能源资源的支出以及它们的财务支出与地区供暖费用相似。

The Effectiveness of Using Air-to-Water Heat Pumps under Russian Climatic Conditions

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