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Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants: Competitiveness in the New Economic Conditions

机译：火力发电厂和核电厂：新经济条件下的竞争力

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摘要

In recent years, the conditions of development and functionality of power generating assets have notably changed. Considering the decline in the price of hydrocarbon fuel on the global market, the efficiency of combined-cycle gas-turbine plants in the European part of Russia is growing in comparison with nuclear power plants. Capital investments in the construction of nuclear power plants have also increased as a result of stiffening the safety requirements. In view of this, there has been an increasing interest in exploration of effective lines of development of generating assets in the European part of Russia, taking consideration of the conditions that may arise in the nearest long-term perspective. In particular, the assessment of comparative efficiency of developing combined-cycle gas-turbine plants (operating on natural gas) in the European part of Russia and nuclear power plants is of academic and practical interest. In this article, we analyze the trends of changes in the regional price of hydrocarbon fuel. Using the prognosis of net-weighted import prices of natural gas in Western European countries-prepared by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ERIRAS)-the prices of natural gas in the European part of Russia equilibrated with import prices of this heat carrier in Western Europe were determined. The methodology of determining the comparative efficiency of combined-cycle gas turbine plants (CCGT) and nuclear power plants (NPP) were described; based on this, the possible development of basic CCGTs and N PPs with regard to the European part of Russia for various scenarios in the prognosis of prices of gaseous fuel in a broad range of change of specific investments in the given generating sources were assessed, and the extents of their comparative efficiency were shown. It was proven that, at specific investments in the construction of new NPPs in the amount of 5000 dollars/kW, nuclear power plants in the European part of Russia become less efficient as compared to CCGTs operating on natural gas.
机译：近年来，发电资产的开发条件和功能发生了显着变化。考虑到全球市场上碳氢燃料价格的下跌，与核电站相比，俄罗斯欧洲部分地区的联合循环燃气轮机电站的效率正在提高。由于加强了安全要求，对核电厂建设的资本投资也有所增加。有鉴于此，考虑到最近的长期前景可能产生的条件，对俄罗斯欧洲部分地区探索有效的发电资产发展线的兴趣日益浓厚。特别是，对在俄罗斯欧洲部分开发联合循环燃气轮机发电厂（使用天然气）和核电厂进行比较效率的评估具有学​​术和实践意义。在本文中，我们分析了碳氢燃料地区价格变化的趋势。使用国际能源署（IEA）和俄罗斯科学院能源研究所（ERIRAS）准备的西欧国家天然气净加权进口价格的预测-欧洲部分的天然气价格确定了与该热载体在西欧的进口价格相平衡的俄罗斯市场。描述了确定联合循环燃气轮机电厂（CCGT）和核电厂（NPP）效率的方法。在此基础上，评估了在特定情景下，在特定发电来源的各种投资变化中，针对俄罗斯的欧洲部分在各种情景下预测气体燃料价格的基本CCGT和N PP的可能发展，并且显示了它们比较效率的程度。事实证明，在新建核电厂的建设方面进行的特殊投资为每千瓦5000美元，与使用天然气的CCGT相比，俄罗斯欧洲部分的核电站的效率下降。

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