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Postfact phenomena of the wet-steam flow electrization in turbines

机译：汽轮机湿蒸汽流带电的事后现象

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摘要

Physical processes occurring in a turbine with natural electrization of a humidity-steam flow and their effect on efficiency and reliability of the turbine operation has been considered. Causes of the electrical potential occurrence on a rotor shaft are analyzed. The wet steam’s electrization exposure on the electrical potential that is one of the major factors of bearings’ electroerosion has been demonstrated on the full-scale installation. Hydrogen formation in wheelspace of the turbine as a result of electrochemical processes and electric field exposure of the space charge has been considered. Hydrogen concentration dependence on a volume charge density in the steam flow has been determined. It is stated that the processes occurring behind the final stage of wet-steam turbines are similar to the ones in elaerosol ectrostatic generators. It has been demonstrated that this phenomenon causes the flow’s temporal inhibition and starts pulsations. These factors’ impact on power loss of the turbine has been evaluated and recommendations for their elimination have been offered. It has been determined that motions of charged drops can cause self-maintained discharges inside of the flow and between the flow and grounded surfaces that are accompanied by electromagnetic radiation of the wide spectrum. The integrated studies have shown that physical phenomena occurring due to natural electrization negatively affect efficiency and reliability of the turbine operation. Practical recommendations allowing one to minimize the negative effects of the flow natural electrization process have been offered.
机译：已经考虑了在具有湿蒸汽流的自然带电的涡轮机中发生的物理过程及其对涡轮机效率和可靠性的影响。分析了在转子轴上出现电势的原因。大规模安装已证明了湿蒸汽带电暴露于电势是轴承电腐蚀的主要因素之一。已经考虑了由于电化学过程和空间电荷的电场暴露而在涡轮的叶轮空间中形成氢。已经确定了氢浓度取决于蒸汽流中的体积电荷密度。据指出，湿汽轮机的最后阶段发生的过程与弹性溶胶静电发生器中的过程相似。已经证明，这种现象会导致血流的暂时性抑制并开始产生脉动。已经评估了这些因素对涡轮机功率损失的影响，并提出了消除这些因素的建议。已经确定，带电液滴的运动会导致流内部以及流与接地表面之间的自保持放电，并伴有宽范围的电磁辐射。综合研究表明，由于自然带电而发生的物理现象会对涡轮机的效率和可靠性产生负面影响。提出了一些实用的建议，可以最大限度地减少自然流电流程的负面影响。

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