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All-Regime Combined-Cycle Plant: Engineering Solutions

机译：全领域联合循环工厂：工程解决方案

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摘要

The development of distributed power generation systems as a supplement to the centralized unified power grid increases the operational stability and efficiency of the entire power generation industry and improves the power supply to consumers. An all-regime cogeneration combined-cycle plant with a power of 20-25 mW (PGU-20/25T) and an electrical efficiency above 50% has been developed at the All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute (ATEI) as a distributed power generation object. The PGU-20/25T two-circuit cogeneration plant provides a wide electrical and thermal power adjustment range and the absence of the mutual effect of electrical and thermal power output regimes at controlled frequency and power in a unified or isolated grid. The PGU-20/25T combined-cycle plant incorporates a gas-turbine unit (GTU) with a power of 16 MW, a heat recovery boiler (HRB) with two burners (before the boiler and the last heating stage), and a cogeneration steam turbine with a power of 6/9 MW. The PGU-20/25T plant has a maximum electrical power of 22 MW and an efficiency of 50.8% in the heat recovery regime and a maximum thermal power output of 16.3 MW (14 Gcal/h) in the cogeneration regime. The use of burners can increase the electrical power to 25 MW in the steam condensation regime at an efficiency of 49% and the maximum thermal power output to 29.5 MW (25.4 Gcal/h). When the steam turbine is shut down, the thermal power output can grow to 32.6 MW (28 Gcal/h). The innovative equipment, which was specially developed for PGU-20/25T, improves the reliability of this plant and simplifies its operation. Among this equipment are microflame burners in the heat recovery boiler, a vacuum system based on liquid-ring pumps, and a vacuum deaerator. To enable the application of PGU-20/25T in water-stressed regions, an air condenser preventing the heat-transfer tubes from the risk of covering with ice during operation in frost air has been developed. The vacuum system eliminates the need for an extraneous source of steam for the startup of the PGU-20/25T plant. The vacuum deaerator provides prestartup deaeration and the filling of the entire condensate feed pipeline with deaerated water and also enables the maintenance of the water temperature before the boiler at a level of no lower than 60°C and the oxygen content at a level of no higher than 10 |ig/L during operation under load. The micro-flame burners in the heat recovery boiler enable the independent adjustment of the electrical power and the thermal power output from the PGU-20/25T plant. All the innovative equipment has been tested on experimental prototypes.
机译：作为集中式统一电网的补充，分布式发电系统的发展提高了整个发电行业的运营稳定性和效率，并改善了向消费者的电力供应。全俄热工学院（ATEI）已开发出功率为20-25 mW（PGU-20 / 25T），电效率超过50％的全系统热电联产联合循环工厂，作为分布式发电宾语。 PGU-20 / 25T两回路热电联产电厂提供了广泛的电力和热力调节范围，并且在统一或隔离的电网中在受控频率和电力下没有电力和热力输出方式的相互影响。 PGU-20 / 25T联合循环电厂包括功率为16 MW的燃气轮机（GTU），带有两个燃烧器的热回收锅炉（HRB）（在锅炉和最后一个加热阶段之前）以及热电联产功率为6/9 MW的蒸汽轮机。 PGU-20 / 25T电厂的最大热功率为22兆瓦，热回收效率为50.8％，热电联产的最大热功率输出为16.3兆瓦（14 Gcal / h）。在蒸汽冷凝状态下使用燃烧器可使电功率提高到25 MW，效率为49％，最大热功率输出到29.5 MW（25.4 Gcal / h）。当蒸汽轮机关闭时，热功率输出可以增长到32.6 MW（28 Gcal / h）。专为PGU-20 / 25T开发的创新设备提高了该设备的可靠性并简化了其操作。这些设备包括热回收锅炉中的微焰燃烧器，基于液环泵的真空系统和真空除氧器。为了使PGU-20 / 25T能够在缺水地区使用，已经开发出了一种空气冷凝器，可防止传热管在霜冻空气操作过程中被冰覆盖的风险。真空系统消除了启动PGU-20 / 25T工厂所需的多余蒸汽源的麻烦。真空除氧器提供启动前的除气和整个冷凝水进料管道的除气填充，还可以将锅炉前的水温保持在不低于60°C的水平并将氧含量保持在不高于的水平在负载下运行时的最大| 10 | ig / L。热回收锅炉中的微火焰燃烧器可独立调节PGU-20 / 25T工厂的电力和热能输出。所有创新设备均已通过实验原型进行了测试。

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