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Methodological systematic review of studies on social inequalities in smoking among young adults: A field coming of age?

机译：在年轻人吸烟中社会不平等的研究方法论系统综述：年龄的领域？

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Objective Socioeconomic circumstances are critically important to addressing smoking. In young adulthood (ages 18-25), dynamic transitions in education, employment, family and housing complicate the measurement of socioeconomic circumstances. To better understand approaches to capturing these circumstances, this methodological systematic review examined how socioeconomic characteristics used to identify social inequalities in smoking among young adults are measured. Data sources We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ERIC and Sociological Abstracts, and used three prior reviews. We updated the search in March 2018. Study selection Two reviewers independently screened peer-reviewed records from OECD countries published in English, French, German or Spanish after 1995 whose samples covered at least 1 year between the ages of 18 and 25. We included 89 of 1320 records. Data extraction One reviewer extracted study characteristics, indicators used to operationalise socioeconomic circumstances and each indicator's relation to results on smoking (ie, significance and direction). We found 39 indicators of socioeconomic circumstances related to six broad domains. These indicators were used in 425 results. Data synthesis We descriptively analysed the extracted data using evidence tables. Educational attainment was most common. Evidence of inequalities varied by indicator used. For example, there was inconsistent evidence regarding the role of parental characteristics and transition stages and insufficient evidence regarding personal income on smoking. Conclusion Despite its importance, studies have disproportionally examined inequalities among young adults using traditional indicators. The mismatch between young adults' life transitions and measurement strategies may attenuate evidence of inequalities. We suggest strategies to improve future measurement.
机译：客观的社会经济环境对于解决吸烟是批评性的。在年轻的成年期（年龄18-25岁）中，教育，就业，家庭和住房的动态过渡使社会经济环境的测量变得复杂。为了更好地了解捕获这些情况的方法，这种方法系统综述检测如何测量用于确定年轻成年人吸烟中的社会不平等的社会经济特征。数据来源我们搜索了PubMed / Medline，Scopus，Embase，Eric和社会学摘要，并使用了三个先前的评论。我们于2018年3月更新了搜索。研究选择两位审稿人在1995年之后独立筛选了由英语，法语，德语或西班牙语发表的经合组织国家的同行评审记录，其样品在18和25岁之间涵盖了至少1年。我们包括89岁1320个记录。数据提取一个审阅者提取了研究特征，用于运作社会经济环境的指标和每个指标对吸烟的结果（即意义和方向）。我们发现39个与六个宽域有关的社会经济情况的指标。这些指标用于425个结果。数据综合我们使用证据表描述了提取的数据。教育程度最为常见。使用指标变化的不等式的证据。例如，有关家长特征和过渡阶段的作用以及有关吸烟个人收入的证据不足存在不一致的证据。结论尽管其重要性，但研究使用传统指标对年轻成年人的不平等进行了反对。年轻成年人的生命过渡和测量策略之间的不匹配可能会衰减不平等的证据。我们建议改善未来测量的策略。

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