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Effects of the economic crisis on smoking prevalence and number of smokers in the USA

机译：经济危机对美国吸烟率和吸烟人数的影响

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摘要

Objective Scanty and controversial information is available on the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on smoking behaviour. No study has quantified the effects of fiscal crises on smoking prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the 2007-2008 economic crisis on smoking prevalence and number of smokers in the USA. Methods Using data from the repeated Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys in pre-crisis (2005-2007) and post-crisis (2009-2010) periods on a total of 1 981 607 US adults, we separated the expected (after allowance for the demographic growth of the US population, secular smoking prevalence trends and changes in sociodemographic characteristics) from the unexpected (assumed attributable to the economic crisis) changes in the number of smokers across different employment statuses. Results Joinpoint regression analysis revealed no significant changes in smoking prevalence trends over the period 2005-2010. The crisis resulted in an increase in the number of smokers in the US by 0.6 million. This is largely due to an unexpected decrease of 1.7 million smokers among employed and an increase of 2.4 million smokers among unemployed individuals, whose smoking prevalence also remains extremely high in the post-crisis period (32.6%). Conclusions The 2008 financial crisis had a weak effect on smoking prevalence. The pro-cyclical relationship (ie, the crisis results in a lower number of smokers) found among the employed is offset by the counter-cyclical relationship (ie, the crisis results in a higher number of smokers) found among unemployed individuals. Public health interventions should specifically target those in unemployment, particularly in hard times.
机译：关于宏观经济波动对吸烟行为的影响，缺乏客观且有争议的信息。没有研究能够量化财政危机对吸烟率的影响。这项研究旨在调查2007-2008年经济危机对美国吸烟率和吸烟人数的影响。方法使用来自危机前（2005-2007）和危机后（2009-2010）期间的重复行为危险因素监测系统（BRFSS）调查的数据，对总共1 981 607名美国成年人进行了分离，美国人口的增长，世俗吸烟流行趋势和社会人口统计学特征的变化的补贴，是由于不同就业状况下的吸烟者人数的意外变化（假定归因于经济危机）所致。结果Joinpoint回归分析显示，在2005-2010年期间，吸烟流行趋势没有显着变化。这场危机导致美国吸烟者数量增加了60万。这在很大程度上是由于工作人员中的吸烟者意外减少了170万，失业人员中的吸烟者增加了240万，其在危机后时期的吸烟率也仍然很高（32.6％）。结论2008年的金融危机对吸烟率的影响较弱。在失业者中发现的亲周期性关系（即危机导致吸烟者人数减少）被在失业个体中发现的反周期性关系（即危机导致吸烟者人数增加）所抵消。公共卫生干预措施应专门针对失业者，特别是在困难时期。

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  • 来源
    《Tobacco control》 |2015年第1期|82-88|共7页
  • 作者

    Silvano Gallus; Simone Ghislandi; Raya Muttarak;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via G La Masa, 19, Milan 20156, Italy;

    Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy,ECONPUBBLICA, Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy;

    Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy,Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OEAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria;

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