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Assessing tobacco regulation: moving beyond economists

机译：评估烟草监管：超越经济学家

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US presidents since Ronald Reagan have required regulatory agencies to conduct cost-benefit analyses of proposed regulations, currently governed by Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4. On its surface, requiring such analyses makes sense; after all, why burden businesses with costly regulations if there is little benefit to the public? There are, however, several problems with cost-benefit analysis, including the facts that the costs are often borne by different people than receive the benefits, the tendency of cost-benefit analysis to overstate costs and understate benefits and the pro-business bias within the economics profession. The net effect of requiring cost-benefit analyses is to make it more difficult to develop, implement and defend regulations to protect public health and the environment. These problems are clearly manifest in the cost-benefit analyses done for the proposed tobacco product regulations by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), first as part of its unsuccessful 2011 attempt to require graphic warning labels on cigarette packages and its 2013 proposal to assert jurisdiction over non-cigarette tobacco products. In both cases, the FDA grossly underestimated benefits and overstated costs.
机译：自罗纳德·里根（Ronald Reagan）以来，美国总统已要求监管机构对拟议法规进行成本效益分析，该法规目前受美国管理和预算办公室A-4号通告约束。从表面上看，要求进行此类分析是合理的；毕竟，如果公众得不到什么好处，为什么还要为企业增加昂贵的法规负担？但是，成本效益分析存在一些问题，包括以下事实：成本通常由与获得收益无关的其他人承担；成本收益分析倾向于高估成本和低估收益；以及内部的亲商业偏见。经济学专业。需要进行成本效益分析的最终结果是，更加难以制定，实施和捍卫保护公众健康和环境的法规。这些问题在美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）对拟议烟草产品法规进行的成本效益分析中得到了明显体现，首先是其2011年尝试在香烟包装上要求图形警告标签以及2013年的建议中对非卷烟烟草产品主张管辖权。在这两种情况下，FDA都严重低估了收益和高估了成本。

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  • 来源
    《Tobacco control》 |2015年第2期|123-124|共2页
  • 作者

    Anna V Song; Stanton A Glantz;

  • 作者单位

    Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, USA;

    Medicine, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, Suite 366 Library, 530 Parnassus, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA;

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