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A comparative study of systemic carcinogen exposure in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers

机译：水烟，烟民和非烟民全身性致癌物暴露的比较研究

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Background In the past decade, waterpipe smoking-also known as hookah, shisha, narghileh-has increased among youth. The scarcity of rigorous studies linking waterpipe smoking to smoking-related diseases has hindered policy and regulatory efforts to confront the waterpipe epidemic. This study compares systemic carcinogen exposure between independent groups of exclusive waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Methods This study was conducted at the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) in Aleppo, Syria, between 2010 and 2011. First morning urinary samples were collected from three groups of subjects; exclusive daily waterpipe smokers (n=24), exclusive daily cigarette smokers (n=23), and non-smokers (n=28). These samples were analysed for carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Our results show that waterpipe smokers are exposed to about 5-10 times greater NNAL than non-smokers. Mean (95% Cl) free and total NNAL was 0.7 (0.3 to 1. 4) and 3.9 (1.6 to 9.5) pg/mL urine for non-smokers, 8.4 (4.8 to 14.8) and 33.0 (21.6 to 50.6) pg/ mL urine for waterpipe smokers, and 10.7 (5.0 to 22.6) and 46.8 (27.6 to 79.3) pg/mL urine for cigarette smokers (p＜0.001 for all comparisons). Daily waterpipe smokers were less exposed to NNAL than daily cigarette smokers, although the difference did not reach statistical significance for all measurements. Conclusions These results provide the clearest indication to date about systemic exposure to harmful carcinogens associated with long-term waterpipe smoking. Such evidence can support policy and regulatory efforts designed to confront the emerging global waterpipe epidemic, as well as drive interventions aimed at increasing the public awareness about the cancer risk associated with waterpipe smoking.
机译：背景技术在过去的十年中，年轻人中水烟的吸烟（也被称为水烟，水烟和纳吉利）越来越多。缺乏将水烟与吸烟相关疾病联系起来的严格研究的匮乏，阻碍了应对水烟流行的政策和监管工作。这项研究比较了独立的独家水烟吸烟者，吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的全身致癌物暴露。方法：这项研究是在2010年至2011年之间，在叙利亚阿勒颇的叙利亚烟草研究中心（SCTS）进行的。第一天早晨，从三组受试者中采集了尿液样本。每天有独家水烟烟民（n = 24），每天有独家烟民（n = 23）和不吸烟者（n = 28）。使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS / MS）分析了这些样品中的致癌烟草特有亚硝胺4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）。结果我们的结果表明，水烟吸烟者的NNAL暴露量是非烟民的5-10倍。非吸烟者的平均（95％Cl）游离和总NNAL为0.7（0.3至1. 4）和3.9（1.6至9.5）pg / mL尿，8.4（4.8至14.8）和33.0（21.6至50.6）pg / mL水烟吸烟者的mL尿量，卷烟吸烟者的10.7（5.0至22.6）和46.8（27.6至79.3）pg / mL尿（所有比较的p ＜0.001）。每天抽水烟的人比每天抽烟的人接触NNAL的机会更少，尽管这种差异并未在所有测量中达到统计学意义。结论这些结果提供了迄今为止最清晰的迹象，表明系统性暴露于长期吸烟的有害致癌物。这些证据可以支持旨在应对新出现的全球水烟流行的政策和监管工作，并可以推动旨在提高公众对与水烟吸烟相关的癌症风险的认识的干预措施。

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  • 来源
    《Tobacco control》 |2015年第2期|125-127|共3页
  • 作者

    Radwan Al Ali; Samer Rastam; Iman Ibrahim; Asma Bazzi; Sanaa Fayad; Alan L Shihadeh; Ghazi S Zaatari; Wasim Maziak;

  • 作者单位

    Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria Arab Republic;

    Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria Arab Republic;

    Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria Arab Republic;

    Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;

    Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;

    Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;

    Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria Arab Republic,Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St Miami, FL 33139, USA;

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