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首页> 外文期刊>Tobacco control >'Enter at your own risk': a multimethod study of air quality and biological measures in Canadian waterpipe cafes
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'Enter at your own risk': a multimethod study of air quality and biological measures in Canadian waterpipe cafes

机译：“自担风险”：对加拿大水烟屋咖啡馆空气质量和生物措施的多方法研究

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Background Tobacco and non-tobacco-based waterpipe smoking has increased exponentially in many countries in recent decades, particularly among youth and young adults. Although tobacco smoking is banned in many indoor public places, waterpipe smoking, ostensibly non-tobacco, continues in Ontario and other jurisdictions where only tobacco smoking is prohibited. This study assessed air quality and exposure in waterpipe cafes using multiple methods and markers. Methods Indoor (n=12) and outdoor (n=5) air quality was assessed in Toronto, Canada waterpipe cafes from 30 August to 11 October 2012. Real-time measurements of air nicotine, fine paniculate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM_(2.5)) and ambient carbon monoxide (CO) were collected in 2 h sessions. Levels of CO in breath were collected in non-smoking field staff before entering and upon leaving venues. Observations of occupant behaviour, environmental changes and venue characteristics were also recorded. Results In indoor venues, mean values were 1419 μg/m~3 for PM_(2.5), 17.7 ppm for ambient CO, and 3.3 μg/m~3 for air nicotine. Levels increased with increasing number of active waterpipes. On outdoor patios, mean values were 80.5 μg/m~3 for PM_(2.5), 0.5 ppm for ambient CO, and 0.6 μg/m~3 for air nicotine. Air quality levels in indoor waterpipe cafes are hazardous for human health. Outdoor waterpipe cafes showed less harmful particulate levels than indoors, but mean PM_(2.5) levels (80.5 μg/m~3) were still 'poor'. Conclusions Staff and patrons of waterpipe cafes are exposed to air quality levels considered hazardous to human health. Results support eliminating waterpipe smoking in hospitality venues indoors and out.
机译：背景技术在最近几十年中，许多国家的烟草和非烟草水烟吸烟呈指数增长，尤其是在青年和年轻人中间。尽管在许多室内公共场所都禁止吸烟，但在安大略省和其他仅禁止吸烟的辖区，水烟（表面上看是非烟草）仍在继续。这项研究使用多种方法和标记物评估了水烟咖啡馆的空气质量和暴露程度。方法2012年8月30日至10月11日，在加拿大多伦多的水烟屋咖啡馆对室内（n = 12）和室外（n = 5）空气质量进行了评估。实时测量空气中尼古丁，直径小于2.5微米的细颗粒物质（在2小时内收集PM_（2.5））和环境一氧化碳（CO）。进场和出场之前，在非吸烟现场工作人员中收集呼吸中的一氧化碳水平。还记录了对乘员行为，环境变化和场地特征的观察。结果在室内场所，PM_（2.5）的平均值为1419μg/ m〜3，环境CO的平均值为17.7 ppm，尼古丁的平均值为3.3μg/ m〜3。水平随着活动水管数量的增加而增加。在室外露台上，PM_（2.5）的平均值为80.5μg/ m〜3，环境CO的平均值为0.5 ppm，尼古丁的平均值为0.6μg/ m〜3。室内水烟咖啡馆的空气质量水平对人体健康有害。室外水烟咖啡厅的有害颗粒物含量低于室内，但平均PM_（2.5）水平（80.5μg/ m〜3）仍然“差”。结论水烟餐厅的工作人员和顾客暴露在被认为对人体健康有害的空气质量水平上。结果有助于消除室内外娱乐场所的水烟。

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  • 来源
    《Tobacco control》 |2015年第2期|175-181|共7页
  • 作者

    Bo Zhang; Farzana Haji; Pamela Kaufman; Sarah Muir; Roberta Ferrence;

  • 作者单位

    Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Room: T521, OTRU, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S1;

    Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;

    Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada;

    Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;

    Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada;

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